This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with neuroendocrine or adrenal tumours. The guideline discusses the diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up of patients with sporadic neuroendocrine tumours, originating from organs such as the lungs, thymus, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The guideline also examines the role of the genetic syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), in developing parathyroid, pituitary, and pancreatic tumours.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients presenting to primary care services with signs and/or symptoms of lung cancer. The guideline examines the referral process for this patient population. Topics of interest include factors that have been shown to increase the risk of lung cancer, symptoms that should be present in a person before referral, indications for chest computed tomography (CT) scan, and follow-up to diagnostic investigations.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with thymomas and thymic carcinomas. The guideline examines the diagnosis, staging, and treatment these mediastinal tumours. Surgical resection and radiation therapy are discussed as treatment options.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with symptomatic endobronchial disease in non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines the use of high dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy (HDREB) for the palliation of respiratory symptoms in these patients. Specific topics discussed include the appropriate dose of HDREB, toxicity, and fatal hemoptysis.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines the risk factors, classification factors, diagnostic evaluation, pathologic evaluation, staging, predictive and prognostic biomarkers, treatment, and surveillance of lung cancer. Treatment approaches considered include surgery, radiation therapy, and combined modality therapy. The discussion on initial therapy is stratified by disease stage.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline provides recommendations on the use of immunotherapy as treatment for these patients, using the immune checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab, nivolumab and atezolizumab. Specific topics discussed include appropriate patient selection, sequencing of therapies, response monitoring, adverse event management, and biomarker testing.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). The guideline provides recommendations on the investigation of suspected MPM, and the subsequent care and management of individuals with proven MPM. Topics of interest include the preferred investigation pathway of suspected cases of MPM, biomarkers, and the role of different treatments including chemotherapy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines the diagnosis, staging, prognostic factors, treatment, and surveillance of these patients. Treatment options discussed include systemic therapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection. Systemic therapy is further examined in elderly patients, and as a second-line (and beyond) treatment. Radiotherapy treatments considered include thoracic radiotherapy, prophylactic cranial irradiation, and palliative radiotherapy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for lung cancer screening in adult patients. The guideline discusses the risk factors for lung cancer, selection of individuals for screening based on level of risk, and the benefits and risks of lung cancer screening. The accuracy of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), multiple nonsolid nodules, and the concept of shared decision-making are also considered, along with the cost-effectiveness of screening.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients who have been diagnosed with or are suspected of having malignant pleural mesothelioma. Recommendations are provided on diagnosis, staging, chemotherapy, surgical cytoreduction, radiation therapy, and multimodal therapy. Outcomes of interest include overall survival, progression-free survival, response rate, toxicity, quality of life (QoL), surgical complications, and diagnostic accuracy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients living with HIV (PLWH) who are diagnosed with cancer. The guideline focuses primarily on PLWH who develop non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), anal cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, or cervical cancer. General advice is also provided regarding HIV management during cancer therapy, in addition to topics such as drug-drug interactions (DDI) between antiretroviral treatments and cancer therapies, initial workup, radiation therapy, surgical management, and supportive care.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the optimal preoperative management of patients undergoing thoracic surgery, and primarily, lung resection. Topics covered in the guideline include preoperative counselling, nutritional screening, smoking cessation, prehabilitation for high-risk patients, avoidance of fasting, carbohydrate loading, avoidance of preoperative sedatives, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, prevention of hypothermia, short-acting anesthetics to facilitate early emergence, regional anesthesia, nausea and vomiting control, opioid-sparing analgesia, euvolemic fluid management, minimally invasive surgery, early chest drain removal, avoidance of urinary catheters and early mobilization after surgery.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines the diagnosis, staging, prognostic factors, treatment, and surveillance of these patients. Treatment options discussed include systemic therapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection. Systemic therapy is further examined in elderly patients, and as a second-line (and beyond) treatment. Radiotherapy treatments considered include thoracic radiotherapy, prophylactic cranial irradiation, and palliative radiotherapy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines the risk factors, classification factors, diagnostic evaluation, pathologic evaluation, staging, predictive and prognostic biomarkers, treatment, and surveillance of lung cancer. Treatment approaches considered include surgery, radiation therapy, and combined modality therapy. The discussion on initial therapy is stratified by disease stage.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients living with HIV (PLWH) who are diagnosed with cancer. The guideline focuses primarily on PLWH who develop non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), anal cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, or cervical cancer. General advice is also provided regarding HIV management during cancer therapy, in addition to topics such as drug-drug interactions (DDI) between antiretroviral treatments and cancer therapies, initial workup, radiation therapy, surgical management, and supportive care.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline examines the use of concurrent chemotherapy (CC) with palliative thoracic external beam radiation (EBRT). Patients with incurable stage 3 NSCLC and stage 4 NSCLC are considered. Outcomes of interest include overall survival, local and regional control, distant failure, toxicity, and quality of life.

This is a clinical practice guideline for asymptomatic adults. The guideline discusses the screening of lung cancer using computed tomography (CT) scans. Different recommendations are provided based on age, as well as smoking status.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults with advanced-stage lung cancer. Recommendations are provided for the molecular analysis of lung cancers to guide treatment decisions with targeted inhibitors. The guideline examines the genes that should be tested for lung cancer patients, the methods that should be used to perform molecular testing, the appropriateness of molecular testing for lung cancers that do not have an adenocarcinoma component, the testing that is indicated for patients with targetable mutations who have relapsed on targeted therapy, and the role of testing for circulating cell-free DNA in lung cancer patients.

This is a clinical practice guideline for lung cancer screening in adult patients. The guideline discusses the risk factors for lung cancer, selection of individuals for screening based on level of risk, and the benefits and risks of lung cancer screening. The accuracy of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), multiple nonsolid nodules, and the concept of shared decision-making are also considered, along with the cost-effectiveness of screening.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with neuroendocrine or adrenal tumours. The guideline discusses the diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up of patients with sporadic neuroendocrine tumours, originating from organs such as the lungs, thymus, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The guideline also examines the role of the genetic syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), in developing parathyroid, pituitary, and pancreatic tumours.

This is a clinical practice guideline for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). The guideline examines the clinical management options for these patients, which include surgery, radiation therapy (RT), and chemotherapy. The potential for multimodal therapy is also addressed.

This guideline provides recommendations on use of vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty as treatment options for cancer patients with vertebral compression fractures. The guideline outlines clinical criteria for when vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, or focal tumour ablation (FTA) assisted vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty should be performed, and provides recommendations on selecting the most appropriate procedure. The role of radiation treatment, absolute contraindications, and service provider requirements are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with clinical or pathological stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline provides recommendations for the treatment of NSCLC by comparing treatment options such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Outcomes of interest include adverse effects, overall survival, progression-free survival, quality of life, and local control.

This clinical practice guideline is an endorsement of the American Society for Radiation Oncology's 2017 guideline titled Evidence-Based Guideline for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. The endorsement examined new evidence and modified the guideline recommendations on the use of SBRT. Shared decision-making and implementation are discussed. Outcomes of interest include survival, quality of life, toxicity, pain and other adverse events.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the use of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline examines the evidence for SBRT for early-stage NSCLC and offers guidance towards its use in challenging clinical scenarios. Outcomes of interest include survival, quality of life, toxicity, pain, and other adverse events.

This is a clinical practice guideline discussing adjuvant therapy for adult patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline specifically examines the appropriateness of adjuvant systemic therapy versus adjuvant radiation therapy in adults with completely resected stage I-IIIA NSCLC. Recommendations are made based on disease stage, as well as other factors such as tumour size, genetics, and histology.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline provides recommendations on systemic therapy options for NSCLC such as standard chemotherapy, immune checkpoint therapy, antibody therapy and other drug classes and treatment settings. Outcomes of interest include therapeutic efficacy, adverse effects, overall survival and quality of life. The guideline also discusses health disparities and multiple chronic conditions and provides recommendations on managing these barriers.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with lung cancer who have been treated with surgery or systemic anti-cancer treatment such as chemotherapy or (external-beam) radiotherapy. The guideline provides recommendations for the symptomatic management of persistent, bothersome cough among theses patients. Multiple options for reducing cough are discussed, based on the etiology of the cough and the patient's response to various treatments.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with lung cancer. The guideline examines techniques used in high-precision thoracic radiotherapy for treating these patients. Topics of interest include fractionation for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), reproducibility of patient positioning and tumour position, computed tomography (CT) scanning, and treatment planning.

This is a clinical practice guideline for lung cancer screening in adult patients. The guideline reviews risk factors for lung cancer and provides recommendations on selecting high-risk individuals for screening, guidance on choice of screening modalities with specific review of low dose computed tomography (LDCT), and recommendations on the evaluation and follow-up of nodules found during screening. Additionally, the benefits and risks of screening are discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults with non-resected limited stage and extensive stage small cell lung cancer who can safely receive definitive radiation. The guideline examines thoracic radiotherapy and first-line chemotherapy as treatment options for these patients. The recommendations are tailored to patients' stage of cancer, and consider optimal timing of each treatment option, whether treatment should be sequential or concurrent, and appropriate dose or treatment regimen.

A clinical practice guideline for the treatment of small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines treatment options for multiple stages of these two cancer modalities, including surgical and non-surgical procedures. Palliative, supportive, and psychological care for lung cancer patients are also discussed. This guideline is wiki-based and is constantly updated as new evidence arises - this review pertains to the guideline as of April 23, 2018.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults (aged 18 and older) at any phase of the cancer care continuum regardless of cancer type, stage (including metastatic) or treatment plan, with some components of the guideline also applicable to the patient's family and/or caregivers. Recommendations are provided on implementation of the brief tobacco intervention using the evidence-based AAR Brief Tobacco Intervention Model which includes screening, education and assessment, treatment plan, and referral, monitoring, and follow-up. The 2015 guideline was revised in June 2016 to abbreviate the cessation intervention model to best support adoption across all CCA clinics and settings. Clinical considerations and contraindications of treatment options for cancer patients are discussed including nicotine replace therapy (NRT), bupropion, varenicline, and e-cigarettes, and the impact of tobacco use on cancer treatment is reviewed with a specific focus on erlotinib and irinotecan.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the use of myeloid growth factors in adult patients with solid tumours and non-myeloid malignancies. Benefits and risks are reviewed, the role of biosimilars is discussed, and recommendations are provided for prophylactic and therapeutic uses of both granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors (CSFs). Recommendations are also given regarding the use of CSFs in the hematopoietic cell transplant setting. Outcomes of interest include efficacy of CSFs, mortality, length of hospitalization, toxicity, and adverse effects.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline provides updated recommendations around prevention and screening, evaluation and staging, treatment, and follow up care. Areas of focus are discussed with recognition that much progress has been made in regards to screening, minimally invasive techniques for diagnosis and treatment, advances in radiation therapy (RT) including stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), and targeted therapies.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients undergoing endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) for the real-time guidance of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) of mediastinal and hilar structures and parabronchial lung masses. The guideline discusses the technical aspects of linear EBUS-TBNA, including patient factors (e.g. sedation), procedural aspects (e.g. ultrasonographic features of lymph nodes, needle size, number of needle passes, use of suction, and presence of rapid on-site cytologic evaluation), and proceduralists' aptitude (i.e. training) are specifically addressed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the investigation and diagnosis of suspected lung cancer and referral for treatment, particularly for patients residing in Nova Scotia. The guideline reviews the investigation process from initial presentation to treatment referral. Topics include principles of communication between patient-provider and among providers throughout the diagnostic process, standards for initial investigation, appropriate use of imaging (CT, MRI, PET, bone scan) and biopsy and laboratory testing, as well as recommendations regarding treatment referral upon diagnosis. Referrals to diagnostic specialists (thoracic surgery or respirology) and to psychosocial and supportive care are also reviewed.

A clinical practice guideline for lung cancer screening of adults at high risk. The guideline examines computed tomography screening and screening intervals, and criteria for high risk screening. Outcomes of interest include reduction in harms from chest radiography and improved screening economy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline examines the efficacy of different therapies including chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Outcomes of interest include overall survival, progression-free survival, quality of life, toxicity, and response rate.

This is a clinical practice guideline for small cell lung cancer and lung neuroendocrine tumours. Diagnosis, staging, prognostic factors, treatment and surveillance are reviewed. Treatment options include chemotherapy, with special topics of discussion including elderly patients and second- and third-line therapies, radiotherapy (thoracic radiotherapy, prophylactic cranial irradiation, and palliative radiotherapy), and surgery. Outcomes of interest include survival (disease free, overall, progression-free), response rates, and treatment toxicity.

The guideline provides recommendations for management and treatment of patients 18 years of age and older who have malignant superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) or airway obstruction, compression, or invasion, or those experiencing hemoptysis. The course of management is dependent on symptoms, primary histology, urgency of histology, previous treatment, and access to resources. External beam radiotherapy (EBRT), endobronchial brachytherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bronchoscopic debulking, surgical resection, photodynamic therapy, and Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) are discussed as treatment options. For superior vena cava obstruction, external beam radiation EBRT, RT dose fractionation, SVC stent insertion, steroids, and palliative intent chemotherapy are discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with potentially curable, early stage (Stage I or II) NSCLC (without nodal involvement or metastases), and who are deemed medically inoperable or refuse surgery. The guideline provides discusses the use of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)/stereotactic ablative radiation therapy with curative intent and provides recommendations on fractionation schemes. Outcomes of interest include tumour control and survival as well as toxicity.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with a variety of cancers, including lung, liver, and kidney tumours, with a specific focus on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or liver metastases. The guideline examines the effectiveness of thermal ablation, which encompasses radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation, as well as transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), alone or in combination with other strategies. The guideline outlines patient clinical criteria, criteria for service providers, and system-level criteria.

A clinical practice guideline for radiologic management of thoracic nodules and masses. The guideline examines radiologic imaging and lung cancer screening, focusing primarily on CT scans and biopsy for a number of variant conditions. Outcomes of interest include diagnostic accuracy, reduced thoracotomies, and reduced complications.

This is a clinical practice guideline fore patients who have been diagnosed with or are at risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline provides recommendations on disease prevention and screening, including risk factors, the role of smoking cessation, and screening programs for early diagnosis. Recommendations regarding clinical presentation are also presented, with specific topics such as imaging studies, and surgical risk, including cardiological risk and the evaluation of respiratory function. The guideline also provides guidance on follow-up, when appropriate.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline facilitates the safe and effective clinical use of pemetrexed for this population. The treatment intent is non-curative and meant to prolong overall survival and progression-free survival, as well as improve quality of life.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on use of systemic treatment in the care of advanced, stage IIIB/IV patients who have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has not progressed (i.e., complete response, partial response or stable disease) following four to six cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy and who have maintained an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2. The guideline discusses use of pemetrexed, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and use of maintenance chemotherapies, namely docetaxel and gemcitabine. Overall survival and quality of life were critical outcomes for the development of recommendations within this guideline.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines screening for at-risk populations, diagnostic work-up, treatment, and follow-up. Outcomes of interest include clarified current standard of care through lobectomy and mediastina lymph node dissection, with additional treatment selections based on patient population.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer. The guideline reviews systemic therapies as first-, second-, and third-line treatment options, with considerations made to patient performance status and tumour characteristics such as EGFR/ALK status. The guideline provides recommendations on therapy type and dosage as well as interval and duration. Topics of interest include treatment considerations for older adults (65 years or older) and a discussion on palliative care. Outcomes of interest include survival (overall, progression-free), and adverse events.

This is a guideline for the treatment and staging of small-cell lung cancer. The guideline examines treatment through chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery with a focus on potential toxicity. Outcomes of interest include clarified duration of chemotherapy as a first-line treatment and increased use of PET scans for staging.

This is a clinical practice guideline for small cell lung cancer and lung neuroendocrine tumours. Diagnosis, staging, prognostic factors, treatment and surveillance are reviewed. Treatment options include chemotherapy, with special topics of discussion including elderly patients and second-line and third-line therapies, radiotherapy (thoracic radiotherapy, prophylactic cranial irradiation, and palliative radiotherapy), and surgery. Outcomes of interest include survival (disease free, overall, progression-free) and response rates, and treatment toxicity.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the investigation and management of pulmonary nodules. The guideline highlights new research evidence which has led to significant changes in recommendations for the management of pulmonary nodules. The guideline provides clarity in the use of imaging as well as clarity about the place of biopsy in the investigation and management of pulmonary nodules.

This clinical practice guideline discusses the use of combined endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and esophageal ultrasound (EUS-(B) for mediastinal nodal staging of lung cancer. The use of EBUS/EUS for the analysis of the primary lung tumour and the left adrenal gland is also discussed. Other topics of consideration include training issues. Outcomes of interest include sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, complication rate, and positive and negative predictive values.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients diagnosed with or suspected of having small cell lung cancer. The guideline reviews screening, work-up, and treatment for limited stage and extensive stage cancer. Recommendations are also provided on follow up care.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults (aged 18 and older) at any phase of the cancer care continuum regardless of cancer type, stage (including metastatic) or treatment plan, with some components of the guideline also applicable to the patient's family and/or caregivers. The guideline provides recommendations on implementation of the brief tobacco intervention, using the evidence-based 5 A’s model (ASK, ADVISE, ASSESS, ASSIST, ARRANGE) which includes screening, education and assessment, treatment plan, and referral, monitoring, and follow-up. Clinical considerations and contraindications of treatment options for cancer patients are discussed including nicotine replace therapy (NRT), bupropion, varenicline, and e-cigarettes. The impact of tobacco use on cancer treatment is also reviewed with a specific focus on erlotinib and irinotecan.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline provides updated recommendations around prevention and screening, evaluation and staging, treatment, and follow up. Areas of focus are discussed with recognition that much progress has been made in regards to screening, minimally invasive techniques for diagnosis and treatment, advances in radiation therapy (RT) including stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), and targeted therapies.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with pulmonary neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumours, including typical and atypical presentations. The guideline examines diagnosis and staging, primarily through pathology and contract CT, and treatment focusing on surgical management.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the treatment of lung cancer. Recommendations are provided by stage, type (non-small cell and small cell) and whether cancer is operable, and treatment options for review include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Recommendations on palliative and supportive care are also provided. Outcomes of interest include survival (progression free, overall), post-operative complication rates, toxicity, and quality of life.

This is a clinical practice guideline for mesothelioma. The guideline focuses on the diagnosis and management of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Topic areas discussed in the guideline include: surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients of all age groups suspected of having cancers including lung and pleural, upper gastro-intestinal, lower gastrointestinal, breast, gynecological, urological, skin, head and neck, brain and central nervous system, haematological, sarcomas, and childhood cancers. Recommendations are provided on recognition and referral or investigations of cancer in primary care. Outcomes of interest include quality of life, sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests and signs/symptoms, positive and negative predictive values of diagnostic tests and signs/symptoms, and cost effectiveness.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with locally advanced stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline reviews heterogeneity in disease and provides recommendations on sub-staging, diagnostic work-up, assessment of relevant comorbidities, and treatment including chemotherapy, radiation, multi-modality therapies, surgical management, and targeted agents. Follow-up is also discussed. Outcomes of interest include mortality, survival (5 year, long-term), remission rates, and toxicity.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA NSCLC). The guideline discusses the use of external beam radiation therapy (RT) including dose in conventionally fractionated radiotherapy, dose and scheduling in altered fractionation therapy, radiotherapy versus no treatment, hyperfractionated radiotherapy, and hyper- and hypofractionated accelerated radiotherapy. Outcomes of interest include overall survival, local control, surgical resectability, treatment toxicity, compliance rates, hospitalization rates, and quality of life, among others.

A clinical practice guideline for the treatment of small cell and non small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines treatment options for multiple stages of lung cancer, and provides palliative and supportive recommendations. Outcomes of interest include optimal systemic and concurrent therapies, and benefits based on operability. This guideline is wiki-based and is constantly updated as new evidence arises - this review pertains to the guideline as of June 27, 2014.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and associated malignancies in adult patients with HIV. The guideline examines the most common HIV associated cancers, Kaposi sarcoma, high grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and invasive cervical cancer, as well as a number of other cancers with higher risk profiles in HIV patients. Outcomes of interest include improved treatment options in consideration of HAART and increased prophylactic options in low-risk patients, specifically with regards to lifestyle changes and vaccinations.

This is a clinical practice guideline endorsement for the selection of patients with lung cancer for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The guideline addresses five principal questions including considerations about when molecular testing should be performed, the manner in which EGFR testing should be performed, and whether other genes should be routinely tested in lung adenocarcinoma. Other areas of interest include recommendations as to how EGFR and ALK testing should be validated, and how best to maintain quality control and quality assurance policies and procedures for EGFR and ALK testing in lung cancers.

This guideline set provides recommendations on required reports for referrals for: breast, gastrointestinal (esophagus, stomach, colon-rectum, anus, pancreas, liver, biliary tract/gall bladder), genitourinary (testis, prostate, bladder), gynecology (endometrium, cervix, ovary, vulva & vagina), head and neck (parotid & submandibular gland, thyroid, mouth, palate, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, nose & antrum, ear), lung, lymphoma and leukemia, melanoma, musculoskeletal and sarcoma, neuro-oncology, primary unknown, and skin (basal cell & squamous cell carcinomas, mycosis fungoides – Sezary syndrome). The guideline provides recommendations on pathology reports, operative reports, laboratory reports, and imaging reports. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

This guideline set provides recommendations on the management of lung cancers including mesothelioma and thymomas. Topics of discussion include prevention, early detection, diagnosis and staging, and management. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

This is a clinical practice guideline for males with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. The guideline provides recommendations on management including psychosocial care, treatment for locally advanced disease, biochemical relapse, overt metastatic disease and/or loco-regional progressive disease, and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Palliative care, complementary and alternative therapies, socio-economic aspects of advanced prostate cancer, and emerging therapies are also discussed. Outcomes of interest include treatment efficacy, toxicity, morbidity, adverse effects from surgery, survival (overall, disease-free, prostate-cancer-specific) and disease progression.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with suspected or diagnosed malignant pleural effusions. The guideline examines diagnosis and treatment for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, including therapeutic thoracentesis. Outcomes of interest include improved relief of dyspnea and reduced hospital stay time.

This practice guideline examines the use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKI) for treatment of adult patients with advanced (stage IIIB or IV) non– small-cell lung cancer. The guideline provides recommendations on the sequence of chemotherapy and EGFR TKIs is reviewed, and discusses whether clinical characteristics (i.e. Asian ethnicity, female sex, adenocarcinoma histology and light/never smoking status) or molecular characteristics (presence of activating mutations of the EGFR gene, EGFR gene copy number, or EGFR protein overexpression) should influence use of EGFR TKIs. Outcomes of interest include overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), response rate and quality of life.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines the continuum of care for lung cancer, including the importance of smoking cessation, staging investigations, surgery as a curative option, radiotherapy recommendations, and palliative care considerations. Outcomes of interest include survival benefits with non-surgical management, reduced side effects in second line therapies, and increased staging specificity.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with small cell and non-small cell lung cancer who have undergone curative treatment. The guideline examines screening and disease control through imaging and follow-up visits to prevent recurrence. Outcomes of interest include increased follow-up recommendations for the first two years after treatment, when recurrence is most likely to occur.

This is a clinical practice guideline for elderly patients at risk of or diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline discusses screening strategies and reviews treatment options stratified by stage. Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted agents and second-line therapies are discussed. Other topics of consideration include the consideration of patient preferences and the importance of geriatric assessment when determining optimal strategy for management of cancer.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy (FB). The guideline provides recommendations on best practice in FB, with an overview of staff safety, procedure, complications, provision of patient information, and obtaining informed consent. The guideline also discusses the use of FB for diagnosis of lung cancer, interstitial lung disease, and infection, including review of biopsy and sampling technique. Outcomes of interest include test sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic yield, complications and adverse effects of FB and of drugs used during procedure, and patient satisfaction.

This is a clinical practice guideline on end-of-life care for patients with terminal lung cancer. The guideline provides recommendations on when to provide palliative care within the overall treatment course, and on the role and importance of physician patient communication about the goals of palliative care, pros and cons of life-sustaining treatment, and end-of-life care options. Topics of interest include common misconceptions about what palliative care entails, management of distressing symptoms, cost and quality of care, cost at end of life, transition to hospice, and impact on family.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Diagnostic and staging procedures are reviewed and recommendations are provided for treatment depending on stage. Treatment options include platinum-based chemotherapy with or without concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated radiation therapy, prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), consolidative thoracic radiotherapy (TRT), and single-agent chemotherapy. The guideline also discusses management of elderly patients based on performance status. Outcomes of interest include survival (median, overall, and progression-free), performance status, response rate, and toxicity.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with stage I or stage II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline provides an overview of treatment options including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Several surgical resection methods are discussed, and comparisons are made between lymph node sampling and lymphadenectomy at the time of surgical resection. The guideline also discusses the impact of ethnicity, geography, and socioeconomic status on survival. Outcomes of interest include survival, recurrence (distant and local), and adverse effects of treatment.

A clinical practice guideline for the screening and diagnostic assessment of small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines diagnostic procedures, including transthoracic needle aspiration and sputum cytology, with reference to tumour size, location, and patient risk factors. Outcomes of interest include increased diagnostic accuracy, specifically in malignant pleural effusions.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with lung cancer. The study reviews the benefits and risks of using complementary therapies and integrative medicine in addition to mainstream cancer treatment and care. The guideline reviews a variety of interventions including mind-body therapies, nutrition, massage, exercise, and acupuncture. Outcomes of interest include quality of life and reduction of emotional and physical symptoms.

A clinical practice guideline for lung cancer screening in asymptomatic adults aged 55 to 80 years who are current smokers or have a past smoking history. The guideline updates previous recommendations on the use of low-dose computed tomography, chest radiography, and sputum cytologic evaluation screening methods, and also provides recommendations on smoking cessation. Outcomes of interest include impact on smoking cessation and improved quality of life.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with technically resectable stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines the use of preoperative chemotherapy in conjunction with, or instead of, radiotherapy. Outcomes of interest include improved survival rates with no significant increases in toxicity.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines treatment options, including chemotherapy and surgical resection, based on pathologic tumour stage and histopathologic features. Outcomes of interest include increased diagnostic accuracy for pleural-based malignancies and improved distinction between primary lung cancers and metastatic lung cancers.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with suspected or diagnosed bronchial intraepithelial neoplasia (BIN) or early lung cancer of the central airways. Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) is compared to white light bronchoscopy (WLB) as a diagnostic assessment tool, and treatment options are reviewed including surgical resection and endobronchial treatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT), brachytherapy, cryotherapy, or electrocautery. Outcomes of interest include treatment response, recurrence, and progression rates.

A clinical practice guideline for lung cancer patients who are potentially eligible for surgical resection. The guideline examines pre-operative assessment, primarily through lung function tests, to determine surgical risk. Recommendations are also made for treatment team qualifications and comparisons are made between available non-invasive function tests. Outcomes of interest include improved mortality with tobacco cessation and improved forced expiratory volume (FEV).

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with known or suspected lung cancer. The guideline examines initial evaluation through physical examination and function tests, and special considerations are made for distant metastases and paraneoplastic syndromes. Outcomes of interest include improved survival with more efficient timelines and increased treatment team diversity.

This is a clinical practice guideline for individuals at risk for but without symptoms or a history of lung cancer. Screening methods including chest radiograph (CXR), LDCT scan, and sputum cytology are compared, and recommendations on screening intervals are provided for different patient groups depending on age and risk. Outcomes of interest include lung cancer mortality, rate of detection of benign nodules, rate of biopsy complications and rate of complications from radiation exposure.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients at high risk of developing lung cancer, or have evidence of premalignancy, or have previously had tobacco-related aero digestive cancer and are at risk for developing a second primary tumour. The guideline looks at various chemo preventive interventions for lung cancer. Outcomes of interest include smoking rates and lung risk factors, incidence, and mortality.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. Treatment options are discussed including the role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors in first-line treatment, options for second-line therapy, and the role of palliative radiotherapy. Outcomes of interest include tumour response rate, survival (1-year, overall), time to progression, quality of life, and treatment-related adverse events.

This clinical practice guideline reviews the use of proton beam radiation therapy to treat cancers in pediatric, adolescent, and adult patients. The guideline examines the benefits of proton beam radiation therapy for different cancer types, and discusses the referral and funding process for out-of-country treatment. Outcomes of interest include local control, survival (progression-free and overall), acute and late toxicities, and recurrence rates.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with a diagnosis of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline examines the molecular analysis of lung cancers that are required to guide epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)- and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-directed therapies. The guideline provides recommendations on which patients and samples should be tested, and when and how testing should be performed. Outcomes of interest include response rate, disease control rate, time to disease progression, survival (progression free and median), and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of tests for EGFR and ALK status or treatment response.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with lung cancer who are experiencing cancer-related symptoms. Recommendations are provided for the management of symptoms, including pain, dyspnea, airway obstruction, cough, bone metastasis, brain metastasis, spinal cord metastasis, superior vena cava syndrome, hemoptysis, tracheoesophageal fistula, pleural effusions, venous thromboembolic disease, depression, fatigue, anorexia, and insomnia. Outcome of interest is symptom management.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with known or suspected lung cancer. The guideline provides recommendations on staging of lung cancer including appropriate procedures for abnormal scan results. Several procedures are reviewed including CT, PET, endobronchial ultrasound-needle aspiration (EBUS-NA), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-NA, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), and extended cervical mediastinoscopy. Outcomes of interest include morbidity, screening accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of screening tests.

A clinical practice guideline for adult patients with symptomatic endobronchial disease in non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines the use of high dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy for respiratory symptoms. Outcomes of interest include improved local control with combined therapies, and no increased toxicity complications.

A clinical practice guideline for adult patients with primary, non-small cell lung tumours. The guideline examines the use of photodynamic therapy in treatment and palliative care, and comparisons are made to traditional radiotherapy. Outcomes of interest include improved tumour response rates and reduced treatment failures in late stage lung cancer.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with locally advanced, unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines radical radiation therapy, specifically continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy, in comparison to traditional radiotherapy. Outcomes of interest include a improved survival benefit over radiotherapy and improved control rates.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with unique forms of NSCLC that require special consideration, including patients with Pancoast tumors, T4 N0,1 M0 central tumours, chest wall involvement, additional pulmonary tumour nodules, synchronous and metachronous second primary lung cancers (SPLCs), multifocal lung cancer (MFLC), and solitary metastases. Diagnostic and staging procedures are reviewed and recommendations are made for treatment options including surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Outcomes of interest include 5-year survival, mortality, accuracy of treatment procedures, complications, mortality, and cost-effectiveness.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Treatment options are compared including standard, histology, and platinum-based chemotherapy regimes, among others. Targeted chemotherapy with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is also discussed. Special topics of interest include the effectiveness of maintenance, second- and third-line treatments, as well as the treatment of elderly patients and patients with a poor performance status. Outcomes of interest include overall survival, progression free survival, response rate, toxicity, quality of life, and end of life.

A clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with solid and nonsolid pulmonary nodules. The guideline examines assessment through imaging, primarily chest radiography and CT scanning, as well as non-surgical biopsy, in order to determine malignancy. Treatment options are considered through the lenses of patient preferences and risk factors, and recommendations are made for surgical resection and systemic therapy. Outcomes of interest include improved diagnoses of malignancies and reductions in unnecessary surgery.

This is a clinical practice guideline on the screening of high-risk patients for lung cancer using LDCT scanning. Risk factors are reviewed and recommendations are provided for duration and interval of screening. The guideline also discusses positive results and appropriate follow-up procedures. Outcomes of interest include effectiveness of screening, false positive rate, complication rate, and risk of death from radiation exposure.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines lung cancer management from diagnosis to follow up, including considerations of tumour and organ risks. Outcomes of interest include increased treatment effectiveness through concurrent chemotherapy and improved post-operative management recommendations.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, lungs, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, and pituitary gland, and of unknown origin. The guideline examines symptom management and dosing regimens for treatment with octreotide. Outcomes of interest include slowed tumour progression and improved prophylactic use.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients who have undergone treatment for primary lung cancer and are in follow-up. The guideline provides recommendations on post-treatment surveillance and follow-up procedures. CT scan, PET imaging, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, abdominal ultrasonography, surveillance biomarker testing, and surveillance bronchoscopy are discussed as follow-up procedures. Other topics of discussion include the participation of the original treating physician in follow-up care, and the use of a validated health-related quality-of-life (QOL) instrument. Outcomes of interest include survival, quality of life and recurrence rate.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline reviews and compares treatment options including surgery, chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and radiation therapy, and provides specific treatment recommendations for different patient subsets. Outcomes of interest include post-treatment survival comparisons and recurrence rate.

This is a clinical practice guideline for lung cancer patients with tobacco dependence. The guideline reviews treatment of tobacco use during screening and treatment stages including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Special considerations are made for patients with depressive symptoms. The guideline also reviews cessation intervention for current smokers undergoing low-dose CT screening and for current smokers with smoking related pulmonary disease.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, head/neck cancer, or breast cancer, that is treated with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors cetuximab, erlotinib, gefitinib, panitumumab, or lapatinib, either alone or in combination with other treatments. The guideline examines the prevention and management of a papulopustular rash that commonly develops as a side effect of EGFR inhibitor therapy. Topics of discussion include prevention and prophylactic treatment of rash, clinical management, and supportive care. Outcomes of interest include rash severity, rate of recurrence, and response to treatment.

A clinical practice guideline for adult patients with diffuse or localized malignant pleural mesothelioma. The guideline examines surgical management, including adjuvant therapies. Outcomes of interest include improved survival times for small, epithelial-type, node-negative pleural mesotheliomas and limited evidence for surgical intervention.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with advanced, symptomatic malignant pleural mesothelioma who have a good performance status and are not suitable for surgical resection. The guideline discusses the use of chemotherapy as palliative treatment, and provides recommendations on choice of chemotherapy agent(s), dosage, and schedule. Outcomes of interest include survival, quality of life, symptom control, and response rates.

A clinical practice guideline for the use of positron emission tomography PET scans in patients in adult patients with lung cancer. The guideline examines the use of PET scans in the diagnosis and staging of solitary pulmonary nodules, small-cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. Outcomes of interest include imaging accuracy and the impact of new PET scan technologies.

A clinical practice guideline for adult patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer. The guideline examines single-agent and combination chemotherapy to improve survival and quality of life. Outcomes of interest include improved second-line treatment options, but no standard protocol.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the treatment of limited stage small cell lung cancer in adult patients. The guideline reviews chemoradiotherapy, prophylactic cranial irradiation, second line chemotherapy, and surgery as treatment options. Outcomes of interest include tumour response, survival rates, and adverse effects.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the treatment of extensive stage small cell lung cancer in adult patients. The guideline reviews treatment options including platinum based combination chemotherapy, prophylactic cranial irradiation, thoracic irradiation, and second line chemotherapy. Outcomes of interest include response rate and adverse effects.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with limited-stage small-cell carcinoma of the lung. The guideline provides recommendations on optimal combination chemotherapy regime, administration schedule, and therapy duration for first line treatment. Etoposide-cisplatin and cyclophosphamide- doxorubicin-vincristine are reviewed as combined-modality therapies. Outcomes of interest are survival and adverse effects.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with stage II non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines diagnostic workup, treatment, and follow up for operable and inoperable patients. Outcomes of interest include improved early detection of recurrence and reduced complications through video-assisted thoracic surgery.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines diagnosis, treatment, and follow up, with a focus on surgical resection as the preferred therapy. Outcomes of interest include fewer complications through video-assisted thoracic surgery and improved control with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

This clinical practice guideline examines the use of early intermediate criteria (surrogate markers) to predict treatment efficacy in patients with lung cancer including SCLC, NSCLC, and other histological types of pulmonary malignancies. The guideline examines the validity of several intermediate markers as surrogate end-points in lung cancer including time to progression, objective morphological response to chemotherapy, quality of life, downstaging after induction chemotherapy, and metabolic response.

This is a clinical guideline that reviews systemic treatment options for adult patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. First line and maintenance recommendations are provided. The guideline also examines the use of biological markers for personalized therapy. Outcomes of interest include overall survival and adverse affects.

A clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of predominantly male patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. The guideline examines the epidemiology of malignant mesothelioma and considers staging and treatment options including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Guidance is also provided for tumour response evaluation and management of symptoms.