This clinical practice guideline focuses on the early detection of colorectal cancer and the management of polyps found during colorectal cancer screening among those at average risk, as well as the workup and diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The guideline discusses the optimal strategies for population-level early detection of colorectal cancer in high-incidence and resource-constrained settings, the optimal reflex testing strategy for people with positive screening results, the optimal strategy for people with premalignant polyps or other abnormal screening results, and the optimal methods for diagnosing patients who have signs and symptoms of early colorectal cancer. Recommendations are resource-stratified and are tailored to basic, limited, enhanced and maximal resource settings.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of epithelial precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach. The guideline specifically addresses the diagnostic assessment, treatment and surveillance of individuals with atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia of the stomach. Topics discussed include endoscopic diagnosis, biopsies and histology, noninvasive assessment, management, Helicobacter pylori treatment, follow-up, and the cost-effectiveness of surveillance and screening.

This is a clinical practice guideline for physicians who work on the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer in the ambulatory and inpatient sector. The guideline provides recommendations for prevention, screening in asymptomatic populations as well as high risk populations, the role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of polyps and colorectal cancer, pre-operative diagnostics and surgery, adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy, management of patients with metastases, palliative care and follow-up care.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients presenting to primary care services with signs and/or symptoms of lung cancer. The guideline examines the referral process for this patient population. Topics of interest include factors that have been shown to increase the risk of lung cancer, symptoms that should be present in a person before referral, indications for chest computed tomography (CT) scan, and follow-up to diagnostic investigations.

This is a clinical practice guideline for hepatobiliary cancers. The guideline examines the clinical management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gallbladder cancer, as well as intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Risk factors, diagnosis, staging and prognosis, and treatment are discussed for the different conditions.

This provisional clinical opinion addresses identification and management of patients and family members with possible predisposition to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Recommendations are provided around the appropriate methods for determining patients' susceptibility to developing pancreatic cancer, which individuals should undergo genetic testing, and the surveillance strategies that should be used for individuals with predispositions to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to screen for pancreatic and other cancers.

This is a clinical practice guideline for women at very high risk for breast cancer. The guideline examines the effectiveness of screening using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in these patients, in addition to standard screening (mammography). Optimal frequency of MRI screening, subgroups that may benefit more from MRI screening, and associated harms are discussed. Workup and follow-up are also considered for those patients who have abnormal findings seen only on MRI imaging.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The guideline examines risk factors and genetic predisposition, pancreatic cancer screening, diagnosis and staging, systemic therapy approaches, radiation and chemoradiation approaches, surveillance of patients with resected disease, as well as palliative and supportive care. Management of metastatic disease, locally advanced disease, resectable and borderline resectable disease, and recurrent disease after resection is also considered.

This is a clinical practice guideline on the screening for cervical cancer. The guideline examines the age at which to begin and end screening, the optimal interval for screening, the effectiveness of different screening strategies, and related benefits and harms of different screening strategies. Specific strategies discussed include screening for cervical cancer every 3 years with cervical cytology alone in women aged 21 to 29 years, screening every 3 years with cervical cytology alone, screening every 5 years with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing alone, and screening every 5 years with high-risk HPV testing in combination with cytology (co-testing) in women aged 30 to 65 years.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adolescents and young adults with cancer. The guideline discusses risk factors, screening, diagnosis, management, follow-up, supportive care, and palliative care for patients between 15 and 39 years of age. Unique issues discussed include adherence to treatment, the impact of cancer and its treatment on fertility, management of cancer during pregnancy, relationship management, and socioeconomic issues.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines the risk factors, classification factors, diagnostic evaluation, pathologic evaluation, staging, predictive and prognostic biomarkers, treatment, and surveillance of lung cancer. Treatment approaches considered include surgery, radiation therapy, and combined modality therapy. The discussion on initial therapy is stratified by disease stage.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with squamous cell cancers (SCC) of the anal canal and perianal region. The guideline specifically examines management options for premalignant and malignant squamous neoplasms of the anus and perianal region. Recommendations are provided regarding screening options, primary treatment, and surveillance for SCC and perianal squamous cell cancers.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). The guideline provides recommendations on the investigation of suspected MPM, and the subsequent care and management of individuals with proven MPM. Topics of interest include the preferred investigation pathway of suspected cases of MPM, biomarkers, and the role of different treatments including chemotherapy.

This is a clinical practice guideline discussing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in adults. Recommendations are made for three groups of patients, stratified by their risk of developing CRC: average risk, increased risk, and high risk syndromes. Screening modalities examined include structural screening tests, such as colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and computed tomographic colonography, as well as fecal-based tests, which include fecal occult blood test, and combined stool deoxyribonucleic acid/fecal immunochemical (DNA/FIT) tests.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines the diagnosis, staging, prognostic factors, treatment, and surveillance of these patients. Treatment options discussed include systemic therapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection. Systemic therapy is further examined in elderly patients, and as a second-line (and beyond) treatment. Radiotherapy treatments considered include thoracic radiotherapy, prophylactic cranial irradiation, and palliative radiotherapy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, or primary peritoneal cancer. Recommendations are provided for screening, staging, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Treatment options discussed include debulking surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Management of drug reactions is also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for individuals with average, moderate, or high risk of developing colorectal cancer. The guideline the examines the appropriateness of various screening procedures including computed tomography (CT) colonography, X-ray barium enema double-contrast, magnetic resonance colonography, and X-ray barium enema single-contrast. The guideline also considers age, family medical history of colorectal cancer, and presence of other conditions or risk factors.

This is a clinical practice guideline for lung cancer screening in adult patients. The guideline discusses the risk factors for lung cancer, selection of individuals for screening based on level of risk, and the benefits and risks of lung cancer screening. The accuracy of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), multiple nonsolid nodules, and the concept of shared decision-making are also considered, along with the cost-effectiveness of screening.

This is a clinical practice guideline on the testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with head and neck carcinomas. The guideline provides recommendations on the types of head and neck cancer that warrant HPV testing, testing methodologies, and how to report test results. Testing methodologies discussed include immunohistochemistry p16, polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization. Outcomes of interest include negative predictive value and positive predictive value.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients who have been diagnosed with or are suspected of having lymphoma. The guideline discusses Hodgkin lymphoma, as well as the most common non-Hodgkin lymphomas (T-cell and B-cell). Recommendations are provided on diagnosis, staging, treatment, management, and follow up care.

This is a clinical practice guideline developed for adult men who have elected to participate in an early prostate cancer detection program. The guideline provides a set of sequential recommendations detailing screening and evaluation strategies for maximizing the detection of prostate cancer that is effectively treatable and that, if left undetected, represents a risk to the patient. Several techniques designed to improve the identification of significant cancer, while avoiding the detection of indolent disease, are highlighted, including imaging, biomarker testing, and biopsy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with prostate cancer. The guideline examines various treatment options including active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, other local therapies, androgen deprivation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. It also discusses risk stratification, imaging, and estimates of life expectancy. Recommendations are provided for the initial diagnosis, clinical assessment, and staging evaluation, as well as for treatment, which are based on both the level of risk, and specific disease present.

This is a clinical practice guideline for hepatobiliary cancers. The guideline examines the clinical management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gallbladder cancer, as well as intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Risk factors, diagnosis, staging and prognosis, and treatment are discussed for the different conditions.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines the diagnosis, staging, prognostic factors, treatment, and surveillance of these patients. Treatment options discussed include systemic therapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection. Systemic therapy is further examined in elderly patients, and as a second-line (and beyond) treatment. Radiotherapy treatments considered include thoracic radiotherapy, prophylactic cranial irradiation, and palliative radiotherapy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for women aged 40-74 who are not at an increased risk for developing breast cancer. The guideline discusses breast cancer screening in this population, and provides specific recommendations on appropriate screening modalities. Recommendations for screening are based on age.

This is a clinical practice guideline for women who have been diagnosed with or are at risk of developing breast cancer. The guideline examines the different methods of diagnosis and screening for breast cancer that will facilitate clinical decision-making. The guideline provides a consistent framework for screening and evaluating a spectrum of clinical breast lesions and takes into consideration different imaging modalities and screening recommendations for women at different levels of risk.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with active cancer. The guideline examines screening, assessment, and management strategies for cancer-related pain of any severity in these patients. Pharmacological management options discussed include acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), adjuvant analgesics, opioid drugs, and management of cancer pain in patients with renal impairment. Non-pharmacological management options including radiotherapy, vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, anesthetic interventions, surgical interventions, and complementary therapies are also discussed. The guideline also considers supportive care of these patients.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult men who are at average risk of developing prostate cancer. The guideline examines screening methods for the early detection of prostate cancer for the purpose of reducing mortality. Outcomes of interest include prostate cancer incidence, mortality, quality of life, and the diagnostic performance of each of the tests, including the harms of testing (premature death and complications from both testing and biopsy).

This is a clinical practice guideline for asymptomatic adults who are at average risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). The guideline examines screening for CRC, and provides recommendations that are stratified by age.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines the risk factors, classification factors, diagnostic evaluation, pathologic evaluation, staging, predictive and prognostic biomarkers, treatment, and surveillance of lung cancer. Treatment approaches considered include surgery, radiation therapy, and combined modality therapy. The discussion on initial therapy is stratified by disease stage.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients who may be at high-risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer due to genetic/familial predispositions. The guideline provides recommendations on genetic risk assessment and genetic counseling, and specifically discusses the management of individuals with hereditary breast or breast/ovarian syndromes, including BRCA-related breast/ovarian cancer syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and Cowden syndrome.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The guideline examines risk factors and genetic predisposition, pancreatic cancer screening, diagnosis and staging, systemic therapy approaches, radiation and chemoradiation approaches, surveillance of patients with resected disease, as well as palliative and supportive care. Management of metastatic disease, locally advanced disease, resectable and borderline resectable disease, and recurrent disease after resection is also considered.

This is a clinical practice guideline for asymptomatic adults. The guideline discusses the screening of lung cancer using computed tomography (CT) scans. Different recommendations are provided based on age, as well as smoking status.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults with a family history of nonhereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) or adenoma. The guideline discusses screening for CRC in these individuals, and provides specialized recommendations based on the number of affected relatives, whether or not the relatives have CRC or colorectal adenoma, the severity of the relatives' disease, as well as how related the relatives are to the patient (i.e. first degree versus second degree relatives).

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults with cancer who are at risk for, or have been diagnosed with, delirium. The guideline provides recommendations regarding delirium prevention, diagnosis, screening, treatment and experiential impact. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are discussed. Guidance is also provided on education and support for the healthcare team and family members.

This is a clinical practice guideline for children with suspected or confirmed transient leukemia of Down syndrome (TL-DS). The guideline examines the clinical features and diagnosis of TL-DS, outcomes, risk factors for early death, and treatment of TL-DS, as well as monitoring for resolution of TL-DS and development of myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome (MI-DS). Fetal TL-DS, silent TL-DS and screening for mutations in the hematopoietic transcription factor gene GATA1 are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for lung cancer screening in adult patients. The guideline discusses the risk factors for lung cancer, selection of individuals for screening based on level of risk, and the benefits and risks of lung cancer screening. The accuracy of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), multiple nonsolid nodules, and the concept of shared decision-making are also considered, along with the cost-effectiveness of screening.

A clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis, work-up, and treatment of patients who have been diagnosed with or are suspected of having primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCLs). The guideline focuses on the three main types of PCBCLs: primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL), primary cutaneous follicle-center lymphoma (PCFCL), and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL, leg type). Recommendations for treatment are provided based on lymphoma type and whether treatment is for initial, relapsed, or refractory disease.

This is a clinical practice guideline for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurring in adult patients with cirrhosis. The guideline examines techniques for surveillance and screening, diagnostic evaluation methods, and the various therapeutic options for the treatment of HCC. Outcomes of interest include the sensitivity and specific of screening tests, as well as morbidity, recurrence, and survival.

This is a clinical practice guideline for asymptomatic men. The guideline discusses the appropriateness of periodic prostate-specific antigen (PSA) based screening for prostate cancer. Recommendations for screening are separated based on patient age.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the prevention and screening of skin cancer. Behavioural counselling recommendations are provided for young adults, adolescents, children, and parents of young children. Outcomes of interest include changes in sun protection behaviours, frequency of sunburn, and frequency of skin cancer.

This is a clinical practice guideline for women with an average risk of ovarian cancer. The guideline examines the benefits and harms of screening for ovarian cancer in these patients, including those of the screening test and of diagnostic evaluation. Screening tests considered include cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) screening and transvaginal ultrasound screening, on their own or combined. Outcomes of interest include ovarian cancer mortality, quality of life, false-positive rates, surgical complication rates, and the psychological effects of screening.

This is a clinical practice guideline that informs primary care clinicians about the potential use of adjuncts to the conventional visual and tactile examination (CVTE) for the evaluation of lesions, including potentially malignant disorders (PMDs), in the oral cavity. The guideline examines the diagnostic test accuracy of cytologic testing, autofluorescence, tissue reflectance, vital staining, and salivary adjuncts. Outcomes of interest include incidence of oral cancer, oral cancer survival, and quality of life.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on the referral of patients with signs and/or symptoms of colorectal cancer (CRC) by family physicians and other primary care providers. The guideline reviews signs, symptoms, and other clinical features that may be indicative of CRC and that warrant additional investigation. Referral wait time recommendations are provided, along with recommendations to reduce diagnostic delay. Additionally, known risk factors that increase the likelihood of CRC in patients with signs and/or symptoms of CRC are reviewed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for women with average risk and high risk for ovarian cancer. The guideline examines the role of imaging during ovarian cancer screening, and its effectiveness in detecting ovarian cancer at an early stage, in order to potentially improve survival. Variations of procedures, including ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography using fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG-PET), are discussed, as is their appropriateness in different clinical situations.

This is a clinical practice guideline for men and adolescents with hematospermia or hemospermia. The guideline discusses imaging techniques such as transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and their use in the identification of hematospermia's etiology. The guideline examines the appropriateness of different imaging techniques based on patient age, severity of bleeding, and presence of other relevant symptoms.

This is a clinical practice guideline for men and women with inherited polyposis syndromes. The guideline examines the identification and management of familial adenomatosis polyposis (FAP), attenuated FAP, MutY homologue-associated polyposis (MAP), and polyposis without an identified genotype. Extraintestinal manifestations included in the adenomatous polyposis syndromes are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the appropriate use of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The guideline examines indications for breast MRI use, such as for the screening of high risk individuals, for problem solving when mammographic, sonographic or clinical findings are suspicious but inconclusive, for the assessment of positive margins following breast cancer surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and for the assessment of breast implant integrity.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC), including those with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The guideline provides recommendations for the management of these patients, and specifically discusses the use of chemotherapy, management of bone metastases, management of cancer related fatigue, as well as supportive and palliative care.

This is a clinical practice guideline for asymptomatic Canadian men. The guideline provides recommendations on the current best practices for prostate cancer screening and early diagnosis, and provides information on new and emerging diagnostic modalities.

This is a clinical practice guideline on the use of fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) in colorectal cancer screening. Guidance is provided on the application of FIT and FIT-based screening programs, including recommendations on the number of tests, screening intervals and cut-off values. The guideline also compares the effectiveness of FIT relative to other colorectal screening tests. Outcomes of interest include sensitivity, specificity and adherence rates.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the screening of colorectal cancer. Recommendations are provided for specific screening tests, and for the various approaches used to determine when and to whom screening should be offered. Screening tests discussed include colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical test, and computed tomography (CT) colonography. Cost issues, quality of screening, practical considerations, and family history are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UTUC). The guideline provides recommendations on diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up. Prognostic factors, predictors of survival and recurrence, as well as risk stratification are also discussed. Outcomes of interest include diagnostic accuracy, overall survival, recurrence rates, and adverse effects.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the assessment of patients who are at high risk for colorectal cancer due to genetic or familial factors. The guideline provides recommendations for the management of patients with high-risk syndromes, including Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome (JPS), Serrated Polyposis Syndrome (SPS), and other high-risk syndromes associated with colorectal cancer risk.

This clinical practice guideline is an endorsement of the American Thyroid Association's 2015 guideline titled Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. The guideline provides recommendations on management of patients thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancers. Topics include evaluation of thyroid nodules to determine the presence of malignancy, and management of differentiated thyroid cancer including surgery, radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, hormonal therapy, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), and systemic treatment.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults with cancer-related fatigue. The guideline examines the appropriate screening, assessment, and management of these patients. Interventions discussed include pharmacological management, physical activity, functional and occupational therapy interventions, psychosocial and educational interventions, complementary therapies, nutrition, and management of anemia. Recommendations are provided based on the severity of fatigue.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients who may be at high-risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer due to genetic/familial predispositions. The guideline provides recommendations on genetic risk assessment and genetic counseling, and specifically discusses the management of individuals with hereditary breast or breast/ovarian syndromes, including BRCA-related breast/ovarian cancer syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and Cowden syndrome.

This is a clinical practice guideline for screening women who may be at risk of having breast cancer. The guideline examines effective screening methods, particularly focusing on mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US). Outcomes of interest include disease progression, screening sensitivity, and screening accuracy.

A clinical practice guideline for asymptomatic, nonpregnant adult women. The guideline discusses pelvic examination as a screening method for gynecological conditions such as bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, genital warts, genital herpes, trichomoniasis, pelvic inflammatory disease, cervical polyps, endometriosis, ovarian cysts, dysfunction of the pelvic wall and floor, and uterine fibroids, in addition to ovarian, uterine, and vaginal cancer. This guideline does not address the screening of cervical cancer, gonorrhea, or chlamydia.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with epithelial ovarian-type cancers (e.g. ovary, fallopian tube or peritoneal origin) and borderline tumours. This guideline addresses epithelial cancers of varying histological subtypes. The guideline covers the full continuum of care including screening and prevention, diagnosis, treatment options such as surgery, systemic therapy and chemotherapy, follow-up, as well as management of recurrent disease. The guideline also highlights the support needs for women with ovarian cancer.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients who may be at risk for developing breast cancer. The guideline examines breast cancer screening for this patient population at different levels of risk. Different screening options such as mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and tomosynthesis are discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with cutaneous melanoma. The guideline examines the care of these patients throughout the cancer care continuum, including prevention and surveillance, diagnosis and prognosis, surgical management and staging, further investigations and non-surgical staging, adjuvant treatment of stage 2 and 3 melanoma, follow up of patients with stage 1, 2 and 3 melanoma, and management of advanced (unresectable stage 4 or 5) melanoma.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the screening and treatment of thyroid cancer in asymptomatic adults. The guideline examines the accuracy of screening for thyroid cancer, and the harms of screening and/or treating thyroid cancer, such as overdiagnosis. Outcomes of interest include thyroid-specific morbidity and mortality, general mortality, and quality of life.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with Lynch syndrome (LS). The guideline examines screening, prevention, and treatment of cancer in these patients. Specifically, screening tests for endometrial, ovarian, gastric, small intestinal, pancreatic, breast, and prostate cancers, as well as cancers of the urinary tract, are discussed. Prophylactic hysterectomy and oophorectomy, tumour testing, germline testing, and LS management are also examined.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Recommendations are provided for diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up. The guideline also discusses how to predict the short-term and long-term risks of disease recurrence and progression, as well as the stratification of patients into risk groups. Treatment options are presented based on these risk groups. Management of side effects is also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for women with uterine cancer. The guideline provides recommendations for the screening and prevention of uterine cancer in the general population and in high risk groups, as well as for the pathological work-up, management, and follow-up of patients with uterine cancer. Specific conditions discussed include endometrioid endometrial cancer, as well as non-endometrioid cancers such as uterine serous carcinoma, uterine clear cell carcinoma, and uterine carcinosarcoma.

This is a clinical practice guideline for lung cancer screening in adult patients. The guideline reviews risk factors for lung cancer and provides recommendations on selecting high-risk individuals for screening, guidance on choice of screening modalities with specific review of low dose computed tomography (LDCT), and recommendations on the evaluation and follow-up of nodules found during screening. Additionally, the benefits and risks of screening are discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with prostate cancer. The guideline examines the screening, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up of these patients. Treatment options considered include deferred treatment, radical prostatectomy, definitive radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy. Management of metastatic prostate cancer, prostate cancer in older men, prostate-specific antigen-only recurrence after treatment, and castration-resistant prostate cancer are also discussed, as well as the epidemiology and etiology of prostate cancer, and quality of life outcomes.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adolescents and young adults with cancer. The guideline discusses risk factors, screening, diagnosis, management, follow-up, supportive care, and palliative care for patients between 15 and 39 years of age. Unique issues discussed include adherence to treatment, the impact of cancer and its treatment on fertility, management of cancer during pregnancy, relationship management, and socioeconomic issues.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults (aged 18 and older) at any phase of the cancer care continuum regardless of cancer type, stage (including metastatic) or treatment plan, with some components of the guideline also applicable to the patient's family and/or caregivers. Recommendations are provided on implementation of the brief tobacco intervention using the evidence-based AAR Brief Tobacco Intervention Model which includes screening, education and assessment, treatment plan, and referral, monitoring, and follow-up. The 2015 guideline was revised in June 2016 to abbreviate the cessation intervention model to best support adoption across all CCA clinics and settings. Clinical considerations and contraindications of treatment options for cancer patients are discussed including nicotine replace therapy (NRT), bupropion, varenicline, and e-cigarettes, and the impact of tobacco use on cancer treatment is reviewed with a specific focus on erlotinib and irinotecan.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline provides updated recommendations around prevention and screening, evaluation and staging, treatment, and follow up care. Areas of focus are discussed with recognition that much progress has been made in regards to screening, minimally invasive techniques for diagnosis and treatment, advances in radiation therapy (RT) including stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), and targeted therapies.

This is an update to the 2009 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for skin cancer. The guideline specifically addresses evidence on the effectiveness of screening for skin cancer with a clinical visual skin examination in reducing skin cancer morbidity and mortality and death from any cause; its potential harms, including any harms resulting from associated diagnostic follow-up; its test characteristics when performed by a primary care clinician vs a dermatologist; and whether its use leads to earlier detection of skin cancer compared with usual care.

This is an update to the 2008 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for colorectal cancer. The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the effectiveness of screening with colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, computed tomography colonography, the guaiac-based fecal occult blood test, the fecal immunochemical test, the multitargeted stool DNA test, and the methylated SEPT9 DNA test in reducing the incidence of and mortality from colorectal cancer or all-cause mortality. Other topics discussed in the guideline include: the harms of these screening tests; and the test performance characteristics of these tests for detecting adenomatous polyps; as well as information on optimal starting and stopping ages and screening intervals across the different available screening methods.

This is a clinical practice guideline for breast cancer screening. The guideline provides recommendations based on three different variants: 1. high-risk women (women with a BRCA mutation and their untested, first-degree relatives, women with a history of chest irradiation between the ages of 10-30, women with 20% or greater lifetime risk of breast cancer); 2. intermediate-risk women (women with personal history of breast cancer, lobular neoplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, or 15-20% lifetime risk of breast cancer); 3. average-risk women (women with <15% lifetime risk of breast cancer, breasts not dense). Recommendations consider the appropriateness of mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, as well as other imaging modalities.

A clinical practice guideline for middle-aged and older men at risk for prostate cancer who are considering, or have decided to have, a PSA test. The guideline examines supporting informed decision making for PSA testing, recommended protocols, and diagnosis and management for abnormal results. Outcomes of interest include reducing over-diagnosis and improved cumulative mortality.

This clinical practice guideline is an adoption of the American College of Physicians' 2014 guideline title Screening Pelvic Examination in Adult Women: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians. The guideline examines the use of pelvic examinations to screen for noncervical cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, or other benign gynecologic conditions in asymptomatic, non-pregnant adult women. Speculum or bimanual examinations are specifically discussed; the use of Pap tests for cervical cancer screening is not addressed in this guideline.

A clinical practice guideline for women who may be at risk for breast cancer or who qualify for breast cancer screening. The guideline examines screening for average and increased risk, and diagnostic evaluation including mammography, MRI, ultrasound, and tissue biopsy. Outcomes of interest include adverse events, delayed diagnosis, and probability of malignancy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for individuals at risk of or having genetic mutations that increase their risk of breast or ovarian cancer. The guideline reviews hereditary breast or breast/ovarian cancer syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Cowden syndrome/PTEN Hamartoma tumor syndrome, and other genetic mutations associated with breast/ovarian cancer. Recommendations are provided for initial risk assessment, formal risk assessment and genetic counselling, and management options for individuals with a clinical diagnosis following genetic testing.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of chronic pain in survivors of adult cancers. Whereas other guidelines have largely focused on relieving acute pain or pain associated with advanced disease, this guideline focuses on the care required when pain persists months or years after the completed cancer treatment. Areas addressed in the guideline include: screening and comprehensive assessment; treatment and care options; nonpharmacologic interventions; pharmacologic interventions; as well as risk assessment, mitigation, and universal precautions with opioid use.

A clinical practice guideline for adults with locally advanced, high-risk prostate cancer. The guideline examines aggressive approaches to prostate cancer treatment, focusing on intensive local therapy through external beam radiation. Outcomes of interest include improved local control resulting in improved outcomes via combination therapy.

A clinical practice guideline for lung cancer screening of adults at high risk. The guideline examines computed tomography screening and screening intervals, and criteria for high risk screening. Outcomes of interest include reduction in harms from chest radiography and improved screening economy.

This clinical practice guideline discusses the evaluation and treatment of patients with suspected solid pancreatic neoplasia. The guideline reviews presentation and clinical evaluation of pancreatic neoplasia, and provides an overview of radiologic and endoscopic modalities for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, neuroendocrine tumours (NETS) of the pancreas, solid pseudopapillary tumours (SPTs), metastatic disease, and lymphoma. Screening for pancreatic cancer is also discussed. Outcomes of interest include sensitivity and specificity, as well as adverse events.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the screening of skin cancer in asymptomatic adults. The recommendations do not apply to patients with suspicious skin lesions, family history of skin cancer, or personal history of pre-malignant or malignant skin lesions. Outcomes of interest include reductions in morbidity and mortality from skin cancers.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of viral hepatitis in patients with hematological malignancy and in patients undergoing haemopoietic stem cell transplantation. The guideline examines the screening, vaccination, and treatment options for these conditions. Primary outcomes of interest include the prevention of viral reactivation, and increasing overall survival.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the screening, diagnosis, staging, and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. This guideline provides recommendations on issues including: multiple endocrine neoplasia, surveillance of resected neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, and thymus, and genetic counseling/testing in pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas. Most of the guideline sections pertain to well-differentiated, low- to intermediate-grade tumors, although poorly differentiated/high-grade/large or small cell carcinomas are also addressed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the screening of colorectal cancer in asymptomatic adults. The guideline discusses colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, computed tomography colonography, the guaiac-based fecal occult blood test, the fecal immunochemical test, the multitargeted stool DNA test, and the methylated SEPT9 DNA test as methods of screening. Outcomes of interest include reductions in all-cause mortality, mortality from colorectal cancer, and incidence of colorectal cancer. Screening intervals, age of initiation, and age of termination are determined for different screening methods, via a modeling approach.

This is a clinical practice guideline for stage I breast cancer, and focuses specifically on the initial workup and surveillance for local recurrence and distant metastases in asymptomatic women. Recommendations are made with different variants in mind, including newly diagnosed cases, surveillance, and ruling out brain metastases, liver metastases, and thoracic metastases. The guideline also considers the appropriateness of different imaging procedures to detect or rule out metastasis.

This is a clinical practice guideline for breast pain. Recommendations are made with consideration of the two main types of breast pain: 1. cyclical breast pain (diffuse unilateral or bilateral pain and/or tenderness, often accompanied by swelling, that waxes and wanes with the menstrual cycle); 2. noncyclical breast pain (predominantly inflammatory in nature, rather than hormonal in origin. It is usually unilateral, and tends to be more focal than cyclical breast pain). The guideline provides guidance on the examination of breast pain with recommendations considering different types of imaging options.

This is an update of the 2009 recommendation on screening for breast cancer. The recommendations apply to asymptomatic women aged 40 years or older who do not have preexisting breast cancer or a previously diagnosed high-risk breast lesion and who are not at high risk for breast cancer because of a known underlying genetic mutation (such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation or other familial cancer syndrome) or a history of chest radiation at a young age. The recommendations consider the benefits of screening mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) as well as the potential harms.

The American Cancer Society Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline was developed to assist primary care clinicians and other health practitioners with the care of head and neck cancer survivors, including monitoring for recurrence, screening for second primary cancers, assessment and management of long-term and late effects, health promotion, and care coordination. The guideline provides recommendations for management strategies for assisting patients with physical and psychosocial effects of head and neck cancer and its treatment.

These clinical practice guidelines for survivorship provide screening, evaluation, and treatment recommendations for common consequences of cancer and cancer treatment to aid health care professionals who work with survivors of adult-onset cancer in the post-treatment period, including those in specialty cancer survivor clinics and primary care practices. The guidelines focus on the vast and persistent impact both the diagnosis and treatment of cancer can have on the adult survivor’s health, physical and mental states, health behaviors, professional and personal identity, sexuality, and financial standing.

This is a clinical practice guideline for healthy male patients who have elected to participate in early screening of prostate cancer. The guideline reviews types of early detection testing, mainly PSA and DRE, provides recommendations on baseline evaluation, risk assessment, and early detection evaluation, provides guidance on indications for biopsy and direction for management of biopsy results. Special topics of interest include biomarker testing and biopsy technique.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with a history of breast cancer. The guideline examine the use of biopsies and retesting of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2-neu receptor (HER2) to determine recurrence or metastases. Outcomes of interest include progression-free and overall survival.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients at average or increased risk of developing sporadic colorectal cancer (patients with high risk colorectal cancer syndromes are not discussed). The guideline discusses risk assessment and provides recommendations for screening modality and schedule stratified by risk. Patients with increased risk include those with a personal history of adenomatous or sessile serrated polyps, colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and/or positive family history of colorectal cancer. Screening tests include colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy computed tomographic colonography, and fecal-based screening.

This guideline outlines the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of human papillomavirus related cancers. The guideline examines appropriate vaccination strategies, screening (including care controversies), and treatment including chemotherapy and surgical options. Outcomes of interest include fertility sparing and reduction of unnecessary Pap testing. Provincial resources are provided.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the screening and treatment of precancerous lesions for cervical cancer prevention. The guideline focuses specifically on the screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 & 3 and the treatment of those lesions to prevent cervical cancer in women who tested positive after screening. In formulating the recommendations, the guideline authors specifically took into account resource implications in the Saudi context.

This guideline provides recommendations on fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) in screening for colorectal neoplasia. The guideline summarizes current evidence for FIT in colorectal neoplasia detection and the comparative effectiveness of FIT relative to other common screening modalities. Guidance statements on FIT application are developed and quality metrics for program implementation are proposed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for asymptomatic adults aged 50 years and older who are not at high risk for colorectal cancer. The guideline provides screening recommendations stratified by age group (aged 50-74, and 74 and older). Various screening procedures are discussed and compared including fecal occult blood testing (gFOBT), fecal immunochemical testing, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. Outcomes of interest include mortality and morbidity, adverse outcomes of screening procedures, test sensitivity and specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The guideline provides recommendations on initial management of thyroid cancer including screening, staging, risk assessment, surgical management, radioiodine remnant ablation and therapy, and thyrotropin suppression therapy using levothyroxine, as well as long-term management including surveillance techniques, management of recurrent and metastatic disease, and consideration for clinical trials and targeted therapy. The evaluation and diagnostic approach for thyroid nodules is also discussed, including a review of indications for fine-needle aspiration biopsy and interpretation of results, as well as use of molecular markers and management of benign thyroid nodules. Outcomes of interest include survival, recurrence, sensitivity and specificity.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the surveillance of patients after colorectal cancer (CRC) resection with curative intent. This guideline focuses on the role of colonoscopy in patients after CRC resection. It also considers the possible adjunctive roles of fecal testing and CTC. Overall, the goal of the guideline is to provide recommendations regarding the role of colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, EUS, fecal testing, and CTC in surveillance after surgical resection of CRC.

This clinical practice guideline reviews diagnosis and management of adenocarcinomas of the exocrine pancreas. Risk factors and genetic predisposition are discussed, and the guideline provides recommendations on screening, diagnosis and staging, and treatment options including systemic therapy, chemoradiation, and surgical management. Palliative and supportive care are also reviewed. Topics of interest include an overview of biomarkers, and suggestions for management of premalignant tumours of the pancreas.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on colorectal screening for patients with high-risk syndromes of inherited colon cancer. Recommendations are provided for management of Lynch syndrome, FAP, MAP, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS), SPS, and other high-risk syndromes associated with CRC risk (Li-Fraumeni syndrome [LFS] and Cowden syndrome/PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome [PHTS]). Topics of discussion include risk assessment and genetic counselling, diagnosis, and preventative treatment options.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with suspected uterine neoplasms. The guideline examines surveillance, diagnostic assessment, and treatment focusing primarily on surgical interventions and systemic therapy. Outcomes of interest include long-term survival and reproductive sparing.

This clinical practice guideline is for adolescents and young adults (AYAs), defined as individuals aged 15 to 39 years, who have been diagnosed with cancer. The guideline discusses issues specific to AYAs and recommends interventions unique to these patients. Topics include an overview of risk factors, screening, diagnosis, and special considerations for management of AYA patients such as adherence to treatment and fertility preservation, contraception for women during and after cancer treatment, and management of cancer during pregnancy. Psychosocial and behavioural issues, survivorship issues, and palliative and end-of-life care are also discussed.

A clinical practice guideline for screening mammography in women at average risk for breast cancer. The guideline examines screening regularity and the relative benefits and harms of screening modalities, focusing primarily on mammography. Outcomes of interest include reduced harm through false-positives and improved breast cancer mortality.

This guideline outlines the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of human papillomavirus related cancers. The guideline examines appropriate vaccination strategies, screening (including care controversies), and treatment including chemotherapy and surgical options. Outcomes of interest include fertility sparing and reduction of unnecessary Pap testing.

This clinical practice guideline reviews diagnosis and management of adenocarcinomas of the exocrine pancreas. Risk factors and genetic predisposition are discussed, and the guideline provides recommendations on screening, diagnosis and staging, and treatment options including systemic therapy, chemoradiation, and surgical management. Palliative and supportive care are also reviewed. Topics of interest include an overview of biomarkers, and suggestions for management of premalignant tumours of the pancreas.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on management of prostate cancer, including diagnosis and screening, management stratified by risk, and follow up care. Active surveillance, surgery (radical prostatectomy), external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy, cryosurgery, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT), and systemic therapies are discussed as treatment options. Bone health is also reviewed. Outcomes of interest include survival and recurrence.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome in patients without a personal history of colorectal or another cancer but with a family history suggestive of Lynch syndrome, as well as for patients with colorectal cancer with IHC absent for MLH1. Management of the risk of colorectal cancer for patients with Lynch syndrome is also discussed with a review of surveillance colonoscopy and recommendations on the use of aspirin as a preventative measure for cancer. Outcomes of interest include sensitivity, specificity, false-positive and false-negative rates of diagnostic tests, as well as psychological distress/quality of life, colorectal cancer incidence, staging, and mortality, Lynch-syndrome associated cancer incidence and mortality, surgical complications from colonoscopy, and costs.

A clinical practice guideline for radiologic management of thoracic nodules and masses. The guideline examines radiologic imaging and lung cancer screening, focusing primarily on CT scans and biopsy for a number of variant conditions. Outcomes of interest include diagnostic accuracy, reduced thoracotomies, and reduced complications.

This is a clinical practice guideline fore patients who have been diagnosed with or are at risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline provides recommendations on disease prevention and screening, including risk factors, the role of smoking cessation, and screening programs for early diagnosis. Recommendations regarding clinical presentation are also presented, with specific topics such as imaging studies, and surgical risk, including cardiological risk and the evaluation of respiratory function. The guideline also provides guidance on follow-up, when appropriate.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines screening for at-risk populations, diagnostic work-up, treatment, and follow-up. Outcomes of interest include clarified current standard of care through lobectomy and mediastina lymph node dissection, with additional treatment selections based on patient population.

A clinical practice guideline for the surveillance of patients following treatment for uveal melanoma and the use of new and systemic treatments. The guideline examines the effectiveness of new surveillance technologies, staging, and treatment including special consideration for patients with hepatic recurrence. Outcomes of interest include local tumour control, preservation of eye function, and progression free survival.

This clinical practice guideline is for adolescents and young adults (AYAs), defined as individuals aged 15 to 39 years, who have been diagnosed with cancer. The guideline discusses issues specific to AYAs and recommends interventions unique to these patients. Topics include an overview of risk factors, screening, diagnosis, and special considerations for management of AYA patients such as adherence to treatment and fertility preservation, contraception for women during and after cancer treatment, and management of cancer during pregnancy. Psychosocial and behavioural issues, survivorship issues, and palliative and end-of-life care are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the prevention and management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer. The guideline also provides guidance on an approach to screening for cancer in patients with unprovoked VTE in whom cancer was not initially suspected based on clinical grounds. The guideline probes the association between cancer and thrombosis, with areas of interest including the prevention of catheter-related thrombosis, treatment of symptomatic cancer-associated VTE, and screening for cancer in patients with apparently unprovoked VTE.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on colorectal screening for patients with high-risk syndromes of inherited colon cancer. Recommendations are provided for management of Lynch syndrome, FAP, MAP, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS), SPS, and other high-risk syndromes associated with CRC risk (Li-Fraumeni syndrome [LFS] and Cowden syndrome/PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome [PHTS]). Topics of discussion include risk assessment and genetic counselling, diagnosis, and preventative treatment options.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the screening, assessment and management of cancer-related fatigue in adults. The guideline examines the efficacy of interventions (pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and/or combinations) for reducing cancer-related fatigue in adults and comparisons are made to usual care and attention control. Outcomes of interest include clinically significant improvement in fatigue or clinically significant reduction in cancer-related fatigue (measured by severity) or differences in fatigue severity between intervention group and controls using self-reported outcome measures.

A clinical practice guideline for the surveillance and management of patients with dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease at risk of developing colorectal cancer. The guideline examines appropriate colonoscopy procedures, predominantly chromoendoscopy, and management through the resection of lesions. Outcomes of interest include increased surveillance and detection through high definition colonoscopies.

A clinical practice guideline for the screening, diagnosis, and management of colon ischemia associated with colorectal cancer. The guideline examines appropriate CT or MRI imaging, colonoscopic diagnosis, and severity-based treatments including surgical intervention and antimicrobials. Outcomes of interest include decreased bacterial translocations and improved assessment of surgical risk.

This guideline provides recommendations on the use of advanced practice nurses (APNs) to optimize patient, provider, and health system outcomes across the cancer care continuum. Specifically, the guideline reviews patient populations and situations (types of needs, practice settings, phase of the cancer care continuum) for which APN roles have demonstrated equivalent or improved outcomes, or reduced harms in cancer care. Outcomes of interest include quality of life, physical, functional, psychosocial, and mental health, as well as morbidity, mortality, symptom management, patient and provider satisfaction, health care utilization, costs, and quality of care.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. The guideline examines the clinical use of cancer biomarkers in these patients for the purposes of screening, differential diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. Biomarkers discussed include cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4). Algorithms for calculating the risk of malignancy index (RMI) including the RMI 1, RMI 2, Assessment of Different NEoplasias (adneXa), and risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA), are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients diagnosed with or suspected of having small cell lung cancer. The guideline reviews screening, work-up, and treatment for limited stage and extensive stage cancer. Recommendations are also provided on follow up care.

A clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of primary sclerosing cholangitis and possible development of bile duct and colon cancers. The guideline examines diagnosis through biochemical tests, autoantibodies and imaging as well as the lack of established medical treatments. Outcomes of interest include improved jaundice, reduced hospitalizations, and improved recommendations for reducing colonic malignancy risks.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of Barrett's Esophagus (BE). The purpose of this guideline is to review the definition and epidemiology of BE, available screening modalities for BE detection, rationale and methods for surveillance, and available treatment modalities including medical, endoscopic, and surgical techniques. These 2015 guidelines differ markedly from their 2008 predecessor in several areas including: the expanded use of endoscopic ablative therapy, further refinement of screening recommendations, and a better understanding of the impact of gender and anthropomorphics on risk.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults (aged 18 and older) at any phase of the cancer care continuum regardless of cancer type, stage (including metastatic) or treatment plan, with some components of the guideline also applicable to the patient's family and/or caregivers. The guideline provides recommendations on implementation of the brief tobacco intervention, using the evidence-based 5 A’s model (ASK, ADVISE, ASSESS, ASSIST, ARRANGE) which includes screening, education and assessment, treatment plan, and referral, monitoring, and follow-up. Clinical considerations and contraindications of treatment options for cancer patients are discussed including nicotine replace therapy (NRT), bupropion, varenicline, and e-cigarettes. The impact of tobacco use on cancer treatment is also reviewed with a specific focus on erlotinib and irinotecan.

This is a clinical practice guideline for healthy male patients who have elected to participate in early screening of prostate cancer. The guideline reviews types of early detection testing, mainly PSA and DRE, provides recommendations on baseline evaluation, risk assessment, and early detection evaluation, provides guidance on indications for biopsy and direction for management of biopsy results. Special topics of interest include biomarker testing and biopsy technique.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline provides updated recommendations around prevention and screening, evaluation and staging, treatment, and follow up. Areas of focus are discussed with recognition that much progress has been made in regards to screening, minimally invasive techniques for diagnosis and treatment, advances in radiation therapy (RT) including stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), and targeted therapies.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients at risk of Birt-Hogge-Dubé Syndrome, the familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome and neurofibromatosis 1&2, either based on clinical suspicion or family history. The guideline reviews indications for genetic testing, clinical utility of specific genetic tests, and follow-up depending on test results and family history. Impact of genetic counselling and test on patient behaviour and distress levels is also reviewed.

A clinical practice guideline for women who may be at risk for breast cancer. The guideline examines effective screening and diagnosis methods, focusing on mammography with comparisons made to imaging techniques. Outcomes of interest include breast cancer outcomes, screening sensitivity, and accuracy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) without dysplasia and BE with dysplasia and/or early esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Topics of discussion include: endoscopic and histological definitions of BE and early EAC; prevalence, incidence, natural history, and risk factors for BE and early EAC; and management of BE and early EAC, including modification of lifestyle factors, screening, surveillance, and medical, endoscopic, and surgical interventions.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in both pediatric and adult patients. Recommendations are organized by sections that include: ethical considerations for genetic screening, surgical treatment, treatment of patients with hormonally active metastases, and hormone replacement. Although the guideline group acknowledges that there has been significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with MTC, they close with a statement around the fact that there is critical need for more effective therapies for patients with advanced MTC.

These clinical practice guidelines for survivorship provide screening, evaluation, and treatment recommendations for common consequences of cancer and cancer treatment to aid health-care professionals who work with survivors of adult-onset cancer in the post-treatment period, including those in specialty cancer survivor clinics and primary care practices. The guidelines focus on the vast and persistent impact both the diagnosis and treatment of cancer can have on the adult survivor’s health, physical and mental states, health behaviours, professional and personal identity, sexuality, and financial standing.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients at average or increased risk of developing sporadic colorectal cancer (patients with high risk colorectal cancer syndromes are not discussed). The guideline discusses risk assessment and provides recommendations for screening modality and schedule stratified by risk. Patients with increased risk include those with a personal history of adenomatous or sessile serrated polyps, colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and/or positive family history of colorectal cancer. Screening tests include colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy computed tomographic colonography, and fecal-based screening.

This is a clinical practice guideline for individuals at risk of or having genetic mutations that increase their risk of breast or ovarian cancer. The guideline reviews hereditary breast or breast/ovarian cancer syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Cowden syndrome/PTEN Hamartoma tumour syndrome, and other genetic mutations associated with breast/ovarian cancer. Recommendations are provided for initial risk assessment, formal risk assessment and genetic counselling, and management options for individuals with a clinical diagnosis following genetic testing.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the surveillance of patients after curative treatment of colon and rectal cancer. The guideline outlines different surveillance schedules, and offers recommendations for surveillance based on factors including: underlying risk for recurrence, patient comorbidity, and the ability to tolerate major surgery to resect recurrent disease or palliative chemotherapy, performance status, physiologic age, preference, and compliance.

This clinical practice guideline discusses the use of endoscopy for the evaluation and management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with a review of endoscopic approaches for general management of IBD and recommendations for screening and surveillance of colorectal cancer. Timing of screening colonoscopy and surveillance intervals are reviewed, and surveillance procedures are discussed with comparisons made between random biopsies, white light biopsy, and surface chromoendoscopy. The guideline also provides recommendations on the management of abnormal findings including endoscopically visible lesions and dysplasia. Additional topics of interest include pouch surveillance and stricture evaluation and dilation.

This is a clinical practice guideline for cervical cancer screening for asymptomatic women aged over 20. The guideline committee considered the benefits and harms of the Papanicolaou test, liquid-based cytology, and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. Other areas of interest addressed in this guideline include: the age to begin and the age to terminate and screening interval; as well as the false-positive and resulting the psychological harms in screening.

This is a clinical practice guideline for referral of patients with suspected prostate cancer by family physicians and other primary care providers. More specifically, the guidelines provide recommendations for referral based on digital rectal examination (DRE) findings and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test results. The research questions that guided the development of recommendations included: what signs, symptoms, and other clinical features that present in primary care are predictive of prostate cancer; what is the diagnostic accuracy of investigations commonly considered for patients presenting with signs and/or symptoms of prostate cancer; and what major, known risk factors increase the likelihood of prostate cancer in patients presenting with signs and/or symptoms of prostate cancer.

This clinical practice guideline discusses genetic testing for patients diagnosed with or suspected of having hereditary endocrine cancer syndromes, specifically multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome, and paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma. Indications for genetic testing of relatives of patients is also reviewed. Genetic testing for Succinate Dehydrogenase B, C and D (SDHB, SDHC, SDHD), menin, VHL and RET mutations are discussed. Outcomes of interest include diagnostic accuracy, health outcomes, and psychosocial outcomes.

A clinical practice guideline for the early detection of cancer in adolescent and young adult patients aged 15 to 24. The guideline reviews common signs and symptoms of cancer and provides recommendations on appropriate investigations and timely and appropriate referral depending on symptom presentation. This guideline is wiki-based and is constantly updated as new evidence arises - this review pertains to the guideline as of June 27, 2014.

This guideline set provides recommendations on the supportive care for cancer patients, including oral and dental care, pain and symptom management, febrile neutropenia, and osteoporosis. Topics of discussion include prevention and treatment, and palliative care. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

A clinical practice guideline for pelvic examination screening in asymptomatic, nonpregnant, adult women. The guideline examines the avoidance of unnecessary care in annual wellness visits, focusing on alternative screening methods sexually transmitted diseases and contraceptive prescription. Outcomes of interest include reduced emotional harms to patients and reduction in overdiagnosis.

This is a clinical practice guideline for female patients aged 19 and older. The guideline provides recommendations on the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care of endometrial cancer. Prevention and risk reduction strategies are also discussed.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with suspected colorectal neoplasia. The guideline examines diagnosis and differentiation through endoscopic imaging, including virtual and conventional methods. Outcomes of interest include improved lesion characterization and improved detection of hereditary syndromes.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and associated malignancies in adult patients with HIV. The guideline examines the most common HIV associated cancers, Kaposi sarcoma, high grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and invasive cervical cancer, as well as a number of other cancers with higher risk profiles in HIV patients. Outcomes of interest include improved treatment options in consideration of HAART and increased prophylactic options in low-risk patients, specifically with regards to lifestyle changes and vaccinations.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with early stage breast cancer who may be candidates for sentinel node biopsy. The guideline examines the use of sentinel node biopsy in relation to axillary lymph node dissection, with a focus on patients who have metastatic findings. Outcomes of interest include longer disease free survival and improved therapeutic efficacy.

This clinical practice guideline addresses breast cancer screening in asymptomatic women. Risk factors are discussed and recommendations are stratified by age and risk. Outcomes include risk estimates, over- and under- diagnosis harms, and screening effectiveness.

This is a clinical practice guideline endorsement for people at risk for hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndromes. The guideline provides recommendations on prevention, screening, genetics, treatment, and management. Topics of interest addressed in the guideline include: tumour testing for DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency, genetic testing for Lynch syndrome, as well as follow-up recommendations in mutation carriers.

A clinical practice guideline for patients who have undergone treatment for soft tissue sarcomas. The guideline examines appropriate surveillance and follow up methods, including regular imaging and physical examination. Outcomes of interest include preference for x-rays over MRI or CT, and increased postoperative imaging.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients who are Rearranged during Transfection (RET) proto-oncogene mutation carriers. The guideline provides recommendations on the timing and extent of thyroid surgery. Recommendations are stratified by patient risk with considerations made to genetic characteristics, patient age at diagnosis, and calcitonin levels at the time of decision making. Postoperative management and follow-up is also discussed. Outcomes of interest include risk of metastasis and risks of extended surgery (including permanent hypoparathyroidism and permanent paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve).

This guideline set provides recommendations on the management of head and neck cancers including oral and dental care. Topics of discussion include predisposing factors, prevention, screening, early detection, diagnosis and staging, management, and follow-up. Additionally, oral care through chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplantation are discussed. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

This guideline set provides recommendations on the management of gynecologic cancers including gynecological sarcomas and cancers of the ovary (epithelial and non-epithelial carcinomas), endometrium, uterine cervix, vulva, fallopian tube, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, and vagina. Topics of discussion include diagnosis and staging, management, and follow-up. Additionally, prevention and screening are discussed for ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the pre-treatment evaluation, staging, and treatment of colorectal cancer. Topics addressed in the guideline include an overview of surgical pathology report requirements; as well as treatment options for clinically localized resectable colon cancer, clinically localized resectable rectal cancer, and locally advanced unresectable or metastatic colon or rectal cancer.

This is a clinical practice guideline for Barrett’s oesophagus and related early neoplasia. The guideline provides recommendations to guide patient management. The guideline addresses issues in Barrett’s oesophagus including: definition, screening and diagnosis, surveillance, pathological grading for dysplasia, management of dysplasia, and early cancer including training.

This guideline set provides recommendations on required reports for referrals for: breast, gastrointestinal (esophagus, stomach, colon-rectum, anus, pancreas, liver, biliary tract/gall bladder), genitourinary (testis, prostate, bladder), gynecology (endometrium, cervix, ovary, vulva & vagina), head and neck (parotid & submandibular gland, thyroid, mouth, palate, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, nose & antrum, ear), lung, lymphoma and leukemia, melanoma, musculoskeletal and sarcoma, neuro-oncology, primary unknown, and skin (basal cell & squamous cell carcinomas, mycosis fungoides – Sezary syndrome). The guideline provides recommendations on pathology reports, operative reports, laboratory reports, and imaging reports. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

This guideline set provides recommendations on the management of skin cancers including melanoma and non-melanoma. Topics of discussion include potential precursors, surveillance and early detection, diagnosis and staging, and management. Additionally, referral information and management policies are discussed. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

This guideline set provides recommendations on the management of musculoskeletal cancers including bone cancer and soft tissue sarcoma. Topics of discussion include prevention, diagnosis and staging, management, and follow-up. Additionally, diagnostic pathology, and treatment through chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are discussed. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

This guideline set provides recommendations on the management of lung cancers including mesothelioma and thymomas. Topics of discussion include prevention, early detection, diagnosis and staging, and management. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

This is a clinical practice guideline for breast cancer. The guideline examines demographics and risk factors, prevention, screening and early detection, diagnosis, staging, management, and follow-up. Other important aspects explored in the guideline include: upper extremity rehab after axillary dissection, exercise for cardiovascular fitness, as well as benefits, risks, and costs. Please note that the sub-sections within this guideline were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline was accessed online.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients diagnosed with or at risk of having anal cancer. The guideline outlines screening and prevention, diagnostic assessment and staging, treatment, and follow-up and surveillance. Special topics of interest include treatment of the elderly and personalized medicine. Management of advanced/metastatic disease is also discussed. Outcomes of interest include survival, recurrence rates and quality of life.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients at risk for and affected with Lynch syndrome. The guideline examines appropriate provision of genetic testing and management of patients. Important aspects include: ways to assess individuals for the risk of colorectal cancer, tumour testing, algorithms for genetic evaluation of affected and at-risk family members of pedigrees with Lynch syndrome, and the provision of diagnosis and management strategies to health-care providers caring for these patients.

This clinical practice guideline addresses colorectal cancer screening for asymptomatic adults, in the primary care setting. Risk factors and screening test effectiveness are discussed and recommendations are provided based on age and risk. Outcomes of interest include colon cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality, as well as outcomes of screening intervention including test effectiveness and adverse effects.

This is a clinical practice guideline for women with no signs or symptoms of BRCA-related cancer. The guideline provides recommendations on risk assessment, genetic counselling, and genetic testing for potentially harmful BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations in asymptomatic women. The guideline also examines interventions aimed at decreasing the risk for development of BRCA-related cancer in women with potentially harmful BRCA mutations in their family. Outcomes of interest include accuracy and adverse effects of BRCA mutation testing, and effectiveness of testing and risk-reducing treatments.

This is a clinical practice guideline for men with suspected or diagnosed localised, locally advanced, or metastatic prostate cancer. The guideline examines diagnosis and staging, primarily through PSA testing and biopsy, as well as timelines for active surveillance options. The guideline also examines multiple treatment options based on cancer staging, including hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and radical surgical options. Outcomes of interest include increased prediction of outcomes, overall survival, and reduced risk of bone density loss.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with small cell and non-small cell lung cancer who have undergone curative treatment. The guideline examines screening and disease control through imaging and follow-up visits to prevent recurrence. Outcomes of interest include increased follow-up recommendations for the first two years after treatment, when recurrence is most likely to occur.

A clinical practice guideline for the treatment of fatigue in adult cancer survivors. The guideline examines the assessment and treatment of fatigue in cancer survivors, particularly through psychosocial interventions and physical activity. Outcomes of interest include improved fatigue relief and patient mood.

A clinical practice guideline for prostate cancer patients, particularly older men. The guideline examines diagnosis, staging, treatment and follow up, primarily for locally advanced and metastatic cancers. Outcomes of interest include improved functional outcomes and improvements in deferred treatment.

This guideline set provides recommendations on gastrointestinal cancer, with sub-sections discussing the following tumour sites: anus, bile duct, colon, esophageal and esophagogastric junction, gallbladder, liver, neuroendocrine tumours, lymphoma, gastro-intestinal stromal tumours (GIST), pancreas, rectum, small bowel, and stomach. Important aspects discussed in the guideline include: screening, diagnostic and staging, surgical therapy, staging, follow up and surveillance, and considers different treatment options. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

A clinical practice guideline for adult and paediatric patients undergoing colonoscopies for cancer surveillance. The guideline examines appropriate bowel cleansing procedures, including dietary recommendations and salvage options. Outcomes of interest include improved OTC purgative prescription and greater use of low-volume agents.

This is a clinical practice guideline for female patients aged 19 and older. The guideline provides recommendations on screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care of ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers. Prevention and risk reduction strategies are also reviewed.

A clinical practice guideline for the use of computed tomographic colonography in patients with colorectal cancer. The guideline examines colorectal surveillance and polypectomy and their feasibility for patients with symptoms of colorectal cancers. Outcomes of interest include improvements over standard barium enemas and increased diagnostic sensitivity.

This guideline set provides recommendations on cancer screening. The guideline consists of sub-sections including: the definition, purpose, attributes, and impact of a cancer screening program; the “what, who, and when” of screening, follow-up, and outcomes. It also provides recommendations for the clinician in using screening tests. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

This guideline set provides recommendations on the management of neurological cancers including five primary subgroups: astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, meningioma, and pituitary adenoma. Topics of discussion include prevention, diagnosis and staging, management, and follow-up. Additionally, the use of corticosteroids and anticonvulsants are discussed. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

This guideline set provides recommendations on genitourinary cancer, with sub-sections on: prostate, bladder, kidney, testis, penis, scrotum, renal pelvis and ureter, and female urethra. Important aspects discussed in the guideline include: predisposing factors and prevention, screening and early detection, diagnosis, staging, and management. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

This clinical practice guideline discusses cervical cancer control including: cervical cancer prevention and control programmes; community mobilization, education and counselling; HPV vaccination; screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer; diagnosis and treatment of invasive cervical cancer; and palliative care. Treatment options for special populations including women who are pregnant and women living with HIV are also reviewed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for elderly patients at risk of or diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline discusses screening strategies and reviews treatment options stratified by stage. Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted agents and second-line therapies are discussed. Other topics of consideration include the consideration of patient preferences and the importance of geriatric assessment when determining optimal strategy for management of cancer.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with colorectal cancer or for patients who are otherwise at risk of Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The guideline provides recommendations on the identification and referral of patients to genetic centres for counselling, and discusses appropriate follow-up screening for Lynch syndrome and FAP. The use of Microsatellite instability (MSI) as both a predictor of treatment effectiveness and a predictor of Lynch syndrome is reviewed, with MSI compared to immunohistochemistry when screening for Lynch syndrome.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients over the age of 18 years with stage II or III colorectal cancer. The guideline discusses follow-up care and provides recommendations regarding the timing and appropriateness of surveillance tests/procedures including CEA testing, colonoscopy, PET scans and CT scans. The guideline also discusses how physicians can educate patients about adopting healthy lifestyle behaviours to improve survival outcomes.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with, or being screened for, Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. The guideline examines management, including consistent monitoring of immunoglobulin and biological therapy with rituximab-containing regimens. Outcomes of interest increased treatment uniformity and solidified indications for introduction of treatment.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with early esophageal cancer, dysplastic and non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus. This guideline examines treatment options and considers in what clinical situations endoscopic therapy is the most appropriate treatment. Treatment options explored and discussed include: endoscopic mucosal resection, radiofrequency ablation, photodynamic therapy, argon plasma coagulation, and multipolar electrocoagulation.

This is a clinical practice guideline for female patients aged 9 and above. The guideline provides recommendations on screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care of human papillomavirus (HPV) related cancers including cervical, vaginal, and vulvar. Special topics of interest include an overview of HPV vaccines and a discussion on controversies in care, including screening intervals and age to stop screening.

This is a clinical practice guideline outlining surgical treatment options for patients with ulcerative colitis. The guideline examines indications for surgery, with a specific focus on the intractability of ulcerative colitis, as well as surgical and postoperative management. The guideline also provides recommendations for cancer screening by endoscopy for patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis. Outcomes of interest include improvements in quality of life and potential curative measures.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Diagnosis, surgery, adjuvant therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and stent therapy are discussed. Outcomes of interest include survival and treatment efficacy.

This clinical practice guideline reviews risk stratification following the removal of precancerous neoplastic lesions and provides recommendations for timing of endoscopic surveillance. Outcomes of interest include short- and long-term risk of future development of advanced neoplasia, incidence and mortality of metachronous advanced lesions, and accuracy of screening procedures.

A clinical practice guideline for postoperative patients treated for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. The guideline examines postoperative surveillance based on risk of recurrence, including standard physical examination, laboratory pathology, cytology, and uteroscopy. Outcomes of interest include optimal surveillance duration and reduced recurrence.

A clinical practice guideline for pediatric patients undergoing or preparing to undergo cancer treatment that may be at risk for subsequent dental and oral issues. The guideline examines preventative strategies, evaluation, and care of dental and oral symptoms. Outcomes of interest include minimized risk of developing osteonecrosis, osteoradionecrosis, or bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

A clinical practice guideline for men in the general population at risk for prostate cancer. The guideline examines prostate-specific antigen testing with or without digital rectal examination, and when prostate-specific antigen testing is considered a necessary and appropriate screening technique. Outcomes of interest include reduced overdiagnosis and false-positive testing.

A clinical practice guideline for patients who have completed treatment for early-stage breast cancer. The guideline examines surveillance follow-up for potential recurrence, with specific focus on potential complications from previous treatment. Outcomes of interest include improved management of endocrine therapy complications and improved lymphadema management.

A clinical practice guideline for the screening and diagnostic assessment of small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines diagnostic procedures, including transthoracic needle aspiration and sputum cytology, with reference to tumour size, location, and patient risk factors. Outcomes of interest include increased diagnostic accuracy, specifically in malignant pleural effusions.

A clinical practice guideline for lung cancer screening in asymptomatic adults aged 55 to 80 years who are current smokers or have a past smoking history. The guideline updates previous recommendations on the use of low-dose computed tomography, chest radiography, and sputum cytologic evaluation screening methods, and also provides recommendations on smoking cessation. Outcomes of interest include impact on smoking cessation and improved quality of life.

A clinical practice guideline for adult women with no symptoms of cervical cancer who are or who have been sexually active. The guideline examines cervical cancer screening by use of the Pap test, and provides recommendations for screening intervals based on age. Outcomes of interest include mortality and/or morbidity, harms, and resource implications.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with a positive diagnosis for cervical cancer. The guideline examines diagnosis and staging, and provides treatment recommendations based on cancer stage. Specific recommendations are also provided for pregnant patients. Outcomes of interest include improved use of adjuvant post-operative radiotherapy based on pathological findings.

A professional guideline for colonoscopy training as part of fecal occult blood test based colorectal cancer screening. The guideline examines training, competency maintenance, and quality assurance measures for colonoscopies and related patient assessment procedures. Outcomes of interest include improved auditable outcomes and clearer pre-assessment standards.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with, or suspected of having, nasopharyngeal cancer. The guideline examines baseline investigation procedures, treatment options with a specific focus on radiotherapy, and follow-up. Outcomes of interest include improved treatment strategies for advanced stage patients, and improved concurrent chemotherapy options.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients 18 years of age or older with malignant melanoma. Referral of patients to the cancer treatment centre is reviewed and follow-up and surveillance are discussed, with stage-specific recommendations provided. Outcomes of interest include quality of life, overall survival, regional control, time and expense of surveillance, and test sensitivity and false positive rates.

A clinical practice guideline for the follow-up and surveillance of clinically localized renal cancers, not specifically including hereditary cancers. The guideline examines follow-up and continuing surveillance procedures based on prior treatment and patient history, specifically for surgical and ablative procedures. Outcomes of interest include effectiveness of screening tests, local and metastatic recurrence, metastatic progression, adverse events, and survival (overall and disease specific).

This is a clinical practice guideline for men with prostate cancer or suspected prostate cancer. The guideline provides an overview of early diagnostic and screening procedures, management and treatment options, and follow-up care for low-risk, intermediate-risk, and advanced disease. The guideline also reviews bone health and the use of bisphosphonates as treatment for castrate resistant disease. Outcomes of interest include mortality, quality of life, morbidity, treatment complications, and toxicity.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with known or suspected lung cancer. The guideline examines initial evaluation through physical examination and function tests, and special considerations are made for distant metastases and paraneoplastic syndromes. Outcomes of interest include improved survival with more efficient timelines and increased treatment team diversity.

This is a clinical practice guideline for individuals at risk for but without symptoms or a history of lung cancer. Screening methods including chest radiograph (CXR), LDCT scan, and sputum cytology are compared, and recommendations on screening intervals are provided for different patient groups depending on age and risk. Outcomes of interest include lung cancer mortality, rate of detection of benign nodules, rate of biopsy complications and rate of complications from radiation exposure.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with squamous anal carcinoma. The guideline examines diagnosis, staging, and treatment through concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Outcomes of interest include improved differential diagnosis and indications for surgical excision.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients over the age of 18 with gastric cancer. The guideline discusses diagnostic work-up, staging, and treatment recommendations. Outcomes of interest include survival (overall and five-year progression-free), and side effects of therapy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with an increased risk of familial pancreatic cancer. The guideline discusses risk stratification and provides recommendations on screening, surveillance and management of high-risk individuals. Topics of discussion include a comparison of screening methods, and threshold criteria for surgery for patients with lesions identified during screening.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients diagnosed with or at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. The guideline reviews prevention, diagnosis and surveillance, surgery, percutaneous ablation therapy, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Post-treatment surveillance, prevention of recurrence, and treatment of recurrent cancer are also reviewed. Outcomes of interest include survival, recurrence, disease progression, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of diagnostic tests, efficacy of surveillance and treatment techniques, surgical complications, and postoperative mortality.

This is a clinical practice guideline for asymptomatic survivors of childhood, adolescent, or young adult cancers who present for routine exposure-related medical follow-up. The guidelines are intended to be used 2 or more years after the completion of cancer therapy, and present recommendations on screening and management of late effects resulting from therapeutic exposures used during treatment for pediatric malignancies. Outcomes of interest include risk and type of long-term complications, and efficacy of screening for and treatment of these complications.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with colorectal cancer. The guideline examines work up steps, and includes recommendations for resectable and unresectable colon and rectal cancers. Outcomes of interest include high response rates with combination chemotherapy and improved therapies for K-RAS mutated tumours.

This is a clinical practice guideline for asymptomatic patients over 19 years of age. The guideline provides recommendations on screening for colorectal cancer stratified by age and risk. Risk factors are discussed, and screening procedures are reviewed including fecal occult blood test (FOBT), colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and CT colonography.

This is a guideline for patients who have received curative resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) or polypectomy. The guideline provides recommendations on follow-up procedures and intervals depending on risk group. Follow-up visits are outlined and procedures including colonoscopy, imaging and x-rays, tumour markers, and fecal occult blood tests are reviewed. Long-term surveillance is also discussed.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of women with abnormal cervical cytology and any cancer precursors. The guideline examines optimal screening for multiple patient population, including multiple cell abnormalities and pregnant women. Outcomes of interest include reduced patient risk through improved long-term testing, and improved referral pathways to other management and treatment focused guidelines.

A clinical practice guideline for adult cancer patients. The guideline examines nutritional assessment and interventions to minimize cachexia and adverse nutritional side effects. Outcomes of interest include reduced malnutrition and weight loss, and reduced incidence of treatment interruptions.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with cancer who may be at risk for pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis. The guideline examines treatment and dosage recommendations for deep venous thrombosis and special treatment circumstances, including treatment for patients on anticoagulants. Outcomes of interest include improved dosing recommendations for patients with renal impairments.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult males who are asymptomatic for prostate cancer and at average risk. The guideline provides recommendations on prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening depending on age group. Outcomes of interest include prostate cancer incidence, mortality, false positive results, lead time, rate of overdiagnosis, and biopsy related complication rates.

A clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with solid and nonsolid pulmonary nodules. The guideline examines assessment through imaging, primarily chest radiography and CT scanning, as well as non-surgical biopsy, in order to determine malignancy. Treatment options are considered through the lenses of patient preferences and risk factors, and recommendations are made for surgical resection and systemic therapy. Outcomes of interest include improved diagnoses of malignancies and reductions in unnecessary surgery.

This is a clinical practice guideline on the screening of high-risk patients for lung cancer using LDCT scanning. Risk factors are reviewed and recommendations are provided for duration and interval of screening. The guideline also discusses positive results and appropriate follow-up procedures. Outcomes of interest include effectiveness of screening, false positive rate, complication rate, and risk of death from radiation exposure.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with gastric cancers. The guideline examines diagnosis and management, including regional and resource-based recommendations. Outcomes of interest include increased HER2 testing and increased post-operative chemotherapy for palliative patients.

This is a clinical practice guideline for breast cancer surveillance for female survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancer given chest radiation. The guideline examines the risk survivors of CAYA cancer of premature morbidity and mortality due to previous cancer treatment. Outcomes of interest include surveillance, detection, and follow-up.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults over 18 years of age with early stage colon cancer. The guideline provides recommendations on diagnostic work-up, staging, and treatment including a review of recommended chemotherapy regimes.

A clinical practice guideline for adult patients at risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The guideline examines screening and treatment, with specific considerations for HIV positive patients and low-resource settings. Outcomes of interest include reductions in pregnancy related risks and reduction in related infections.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with localized prostate cancer. The guideline qualitatively examines factors affecting treatment decisions and physician perceptions of treatment options. Outcomes of interest include improved understanding of patient demographics in relation to treatment, and clarity regarding roles in the treatment process.

This guideline provides screening recommendations for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, based on age and risk factors. Management of test results including mammography, cytology, occult blood test (FOBT) and colonoscopy are discussed, and potential benefits and harms are reviewed. Other testing procedures include ultrasound, stereotactic core biopsy, colposcopy, endocervical curettage, endometrial biopsy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy.

This is a clinical practice guideline regarding the clinical management of Lynch syndrome (LS) (previously referred to as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer; HNPCC). The guideline looks at improving the identification of LS, optimal surveillance protocols for various cancers, the role of prophylactic hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy, and appropriate surgical treatment for CRC. Other topics of discussion include the influence of lifestyle and environmental factors on the development of CRC in LS, the role of aspirin in the management of LS, prenatal diagnosis (PND) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in LS, and the psychosocial implications of genetic testing and surveillance.

A clinical practice guideline for adult patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. The guideline examines management of vulvar cancer based on staging, and follow-up protocols. Outcomes of interest include endorsement of sentinel lymph node biopsy as a standard of care and improved referral recommendations.

A clinical practice guideline for the use of dexamethasone in corticosteroid therapy for patients with high-grade gliomas. The guideline examines optimal dose ranges and adverse events associated with dexamethasone, and its overall management including tapering. Outcomes of interest include improved monitoring of and prevention of associated illnesses and improved follow-up for adrenal symptoms.

This is a clinical practice guideline for people of reproductive age who have problems conceiving, including individuals who are preparing for cancer treatment who may wish to preserve their fertility. Diagnosis and treatment of fertility problems are discussed.

A clinical practice guideline for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer. The guideline examines testing and results follow up for oncologists and pathologists in the United States. Outcomes of interest include optimal performance and reporting of assays, and improved education for providers.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of prostate cancer in adult males. The guideline examines the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and palliative options for prostate cancer patients, with reference to multiple options following failed curative intent treatments. Outcomes of interest include improved screening to rule out radical treatment and treatment deferral.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients diagnosed with or at risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer. The guideline reviews risk factors and provides recommendations on screening, diagnosis, surgical management, chemotherapy, and follow-up care. Special topics of consideration include the role of prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy in screening, and management of malignant bowel obstruction in relapsed disease. Outcomes of interest include diagnostic test accuracy, survival (overall and disease-free), response rates, quality of life, and adverse effects of treatment.

This is a clinical practice guideline for male and female adults without breast cancer who are at risk for developing breast cancer because of a family history of breast, ovarian or a related cancer, or for male and female adults with a diagnosis of breast cancer and a family history of breast, ovarian, or related cancers. The guideline provides recommendations on genetic testing thresholds, and strategies for surveillance, risk reduction and treatment. Outcomes of interest include incidence of familial breast cancer, mortality from breast cancer, health related quality of life, and clinical and cost effectiveness of interventions.

A clinical practice guideline for oral cancer screening in asymptomatic adults. The guideline examines the primary risk factors for oral cancer, specifically smoking and alcohol consumption, and the efficacy of oral screening tests. Outcomes of interest include no improved health outcomes or harms from early screening and treatment.

A clinical practice for patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The guideline examines the use of cryotherapy based on lesion size and other risk factors. Recommendations on technique are included, and comparisons are made to loop electrosurgical excision procedures.

A clinical practice guideline for the screening of women for breast cancer who are asymptomatic. This guideline examines diagnostic and screening procedures when risk factors are and are not present. Potential risk factors are enumerated and recommendations are made based on age and covariants. Outcomes include risk estimates, over- and under-diagnosis harms, and screening effectiveness.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of breast cancer in elderly individuals. The guideline examines differences in screening and treatment taking into account risk factors associated with elderly women, and comparisons are made to 2007 recommendations. Drug and safety compliance and male breast cancer are also considered.

This is a clinical practice guideline on the prevention and detection of cervical cancer in non high-risk adult women. The guideline examines harms and benefits of screening, use of HPV testing and cytology as screening techniques, screening strategies for different age and risk groups, and management of abnormal screening results including colposcopy. Screening recommendations for women vaccinated against HPV16 and HPV18 are also discussed. Outcomes of interest include incidence and survival rate, sensitivity, specificity, and rate of false positives and negatives.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with Stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumours. The guideline examines baseline staging procedures and subsequent follow-up post orchiectomy. The guideline also provides monthly follow-up screening recommendations based on risk associated with lymphovascular invasion.

A clinical practice guideline describing screening recommendations for cervical cancer in asymptomatic women. The guideline examines the risks and benefits of early detection, and addresses the clinical usefulness of widespread screening.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on cervical screening in asymptomatic women 21 to 65 years of age. The guideline examines age-appropriate screening intervals and test type, with comparisons made between HPV testing and cytology. This guideline updates 2003 recommendations and discusses comparisons between liquid-based cytology and HPV testing as stand alone or combined screening tools.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with serrated lesions of the colorectum. The guideline reviews pathology, molecular features, epidemiology, and detection of lesions and provides recommendations regarding removal of lesions and post-polypectomy surveillance. Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is also discussed.

A clinical practice guideline for the screening and surveillance of patients at risk for colorectal cancer. The guideline examines quality assurance and professional requirements for common screening procedures, such as endoscopy and fecal occult blood tests, and including recommendations for follow-up and treatment timing. Outcomes of interest include improved safety and improved patient experience.

This is a clinical practice guideline for women at very high risk of breast cancer, with 'very high risk' defined as: a known mutation in BRCA1, BRCA2 or other gene predisposing to a markedly elevated breast cancer risk; an untested first-degree relative of a carrier of such a gene mutation; family history consistent with a hereditary breast cancer syndrome and estimated personal lifetime cancer risk >25%; a high-risk marker on prior biopsy (atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ [LCIS]); and/or radiation therapy to chest (before age 30 and at least eight years previous). The guideline discusses the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in conjunction with standard screening (mammography). Outcomes of interest include sensitivity, specificity, positive or negative predictive value, accuracy, time to diagnosis, tumour stage information (size, proportion DCIS, etc.), or improvement in patient outcome (response or survival).

A clinical practice guideline for patients with melanoma of the skin. The guideline examines management and daily practice support for melanoma, including genetic risk-based screening, and appropriate excision. Outcomes of interest include reduced recurrence through larger excision margins and improved prevention recommendations.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with suspected or confirmed melanoma. The guideline examines management, including pathology, and imaging and treatment recommendations based on staging. Outcomes of interest include special considerations for Braff mutations and reduced unnecessary follow up testing.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus. The guideline examines pre-treatment evaluation, treatment, and post-treatment surveillance, with specific recommendations for HIV-positive patients. Outcomes of interest include increased support for intensity-modulated radiation therapy-based chemoradiotherapy as a primary treatment, and specifically for HIV-positive patients with higher toxicity risks.

This clinical practice guideline reviews the use of colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. The guidelines reviews colonoscopy preparation and provides recommendations for colonoscopy procedure and cleaning and disinfection of equipment. Recommendations are also made for experience of colonoscopists, recording of adverse outcomes, and the colonoscopy report. Outcomes of interest include detection rate and adverse events.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with renal cell carcinoma. The guideline examines diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment via surgery and systemic therapies. Molecular targeted therapy and the use of imaging for staging purposes are also considered.

This clinical practice guideline reviews colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) for use in colorectal cancer screening. Indications and contraindications, bowel preparation, and reporting and workup of CCE results are discussed. Positive and negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of CCE are considered.

A clinical practice guideline for asymptomatic adult males at risk for prostate cancer. The guideline examines recommendations for screening on an individual basis to increase the diagnosis of early stage prostate cancer. Considerations regarding frequency of screening include life expectancy and risk factors such as family history.

This is a clinical practice guideline on the management of abnormal cytology results after screening for cervical cancer. Treatment follow-up algorithms are provided, and management options include biopsy, diagnostic excisional procedure including loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) , and hysterectomy. Outcomes of interest include risk factors for developing cancer, and benefits and harms of follow-up options.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 (MEN1) and their families. Recommendations are provided for genetic testing and screening, diagnosis, and treatment of MEN1 related tumours. Organization of care is also discussed.

A clinical practice guideline for the screening of prostate cancer in the general male population. The guideline examines the benefits and risks of widespread screening, and evaluates potential optimal screening protocols. The guideline also addresses the general lack of consensus on prostate cancer treatment.

A clinical practice guideline for colorectal cancer screening in asymptomatic patients. The guideline examines screening and surveillance intervals given the potential presence of adenomatous polyps and previous polypectomies. Outcomes of interest include colonoscopy quality and follow up surveillance procedures.

A clinical practice guideline for the use of MRI in breast cancer screening for patients who have hereditary risk, or have had previous radiation. The guideline examines indications and contraindications for breast MRI in screening, assessment, evaluation of treatment, and follow up. Outcomes of interest include MRI sensitivity and specificity.

A clinical practice guideline for women at high risk for hereditary breast cancer. The guideline examines the efficacy of breast magnetic resonance imaging and recommends screening intervals. Outcomes of interest include improved hereditary screening, reduced mortality through early screening, and reduced false positives.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with premalignant atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and epithelial dysplasia at risk for gastric cancers. The guideline makes recommendations for staging, treatment, and follow-up for precancerous gastric conditions to improve the diagnosis of early stage cancer. Outcomes of interest include Helicobacter pylori eradication, pharmacological options, and an analysis of patient benefits in terms of cost-effectiveness.

This is a clinical practice guideline for managing patients at high risk for breast cancer. The guideline examines potential chemopreventative treatments, specifically hormonal treatments, for all premenopausal patients ≥ 35 years of age and postmenopausal patients who are deemed high risk for possible breast cancer. Outcomes of interest include risk of recurrence and treatment side effects.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients known to be at above-average risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) development, such as patients who have already had adenomatous polyps removed or surgery for CRC and patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The guideline discusses colonoscopic surveillance after polypectomy, the role of surveillance colonoscopy after curative resection for colorectal cancer, and colonoscopic surveillance and management of dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. Psychosocial aspects, socio-economic factors, and economic considerations are also discussed. Outcomes of interest include adenoma detection rates, testing sensitivity, and cost effectiveness.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with stage II non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines diagnostic workup, treatment, and follow up for operable and inoperable patients. Outcomes of interest include improved early detection of recurrence and reduced complications through video-assisted thoracic surgery.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine (including carcinoid) tumours (NETs). Genetic risk factors, diagnostic assessment including imaging and pathology, and treatment are discussed. Special topics of interest include genetic risk factors and association of NETs with carcinoid heart disease (CHD). Outcomes of interest include survival rates, sensitivity of diagnostic testing procedures, adverse effects and quality of life.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults aged 19 and over. The guideline examines surveillance colonoscopy after polypectomy or curative resection for colorectal cancer, and in inflammatory bowel disease. Advances in colonoscopy, CT colonography, and other methods of investigation are also discussed, as well as psychosocial effects of colonoscopy and socioeconomic factors. Outcomes of interest include survival, patient experience, and accuracy of colonoscopy.

A clinical practice guideline for patients at risk for oral and pharyngeal cancers, particularly oral squamous cell carcinomas. The guideline examines oral screening aids and provides recommendations for oral screening and follow-up on symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

This is a clinical and professional practice guideline that recommends standards of best practice for the use of CT colonography in the screening and diagnostic assessment of colorectal cancer. The guideline discusses patient information and consent, CT technique, patient experience and safety, and interpretation of results. Additional topics include radiologist training/assessment, use of endoscopy as a post-CT test, and resource allocation.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults with average or high risk for colorectal cancer. The guideline discusses risk factors for colorectal cancer, effectiveness of screening tests, and screening strategies based on age and risk. The following screening techniques are compared: high-sensitivity guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT), immunochemical fecal occult blood test (iFOBT/FIT), flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, standard guaiac FOBT (gFOBT), air contrast barium enema, CT colonography, and fecal DNA testing. Outcomes of interest include colon cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality, as well as outcomes of screening intervention including test effectiveness and adverse effects.

A clinical practice guideline detailing the use of pap smears as a screening tool for women at risk for cervical cancer. The guideline examines screening timelines, optimal sampling areas, and details the process for both professionals and patients. The guideline also examines when repeat testing and referrals for colposcopies should be conducted, and provides instructional materials and sample forms.

A clinical practice guideline for cervical screening in women who are, or have been, sexually active. The guideline provides screening timelines and recommendations for when screening is no longer necessary. Recommendations are also made for women in special circumstances, including immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, and women who have undergone full hysterectomies.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations for cervical cancer screening tests and intervals according to age group and risk category. Conventional cytology, liquid based cytology, and HPV testing are compared. Primary HPV testing with the use of reflex cytology following a positive HPV test result is discussed. Outcomes of interest include mortality and morbidity, accuracy and adverse effects of tests, and cost effectiveness.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients requiring colon cancer screening, examining colonoscopy standards. Important aspects include ideal polyp detection conditions, monitoring during the procedure, and follow-up care.