This is a clinical practice guideline for older patients with cancer. The guideline provides recommendations for comprehensive geriatric assessments, as well as treatment modalities such as surgery, radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Disease-specific issues are also addressed for breast cancer, central nervous system cancers, gastrointestinal cancers, genitourinary cancers, gynecological cancers, head and neck cancers, lung cancers, melanoma, and hematologic malignancies.

This is a clinical practice guideline for physicians who work on the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer in the ambulatory and inpatient sector. The guideline provides recommendations for prevention, screening in asymptomatic populations as well as high risk populations, the role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of polyps and colorectal cancer, pre-operative diagnostics and surgery, adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy, management of patients with metastases, palliative care and follow-up care.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the palliative care of patients with cancer. The guideline examines interventions such as symptom management, reassessment, and after-death care. The guideline provides an overview of the many considerations surrounding palliative care, such as cultural, ethical, legal, physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and existential issues.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults and children experiencing cancer-related fatigue (CRF). The guideline discusses screening for CRF, as well as evaluation approaches using focused history, assessment of treatable contributing factors, and patient clinical status. General strategies for managing CRF are discussed, and the guideline examines pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for patients based on their placement within the care continuum (i.e. active treatment, post-treatment, and end-of-life).

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The guideline examines risk factors and genetic predisposition, pancreatic cancer screening, diagnosis and staging, systemic therapy approaches, radiation and chemoradiation approaches, surveillance of patients with resected disease, as well as palliative and supportive care. Management of metastatic disease, locally advanced disease, resectable and borderline resectable disease, and recurrent disease after resection is also considered.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients aged 16 or older who have primary brain tumours or brain metastases. Specifically, the guideline examines the diagnoses and management of radiologically identified glioma, meningioma, and brain metastases. Follow-up care after treatment and supportive care are also discussed, and additional recommendations are provided on the referral of adults with primary brain tumours or brain metastases for neurological rehabilitation assessment.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with symptomatic endobronchial disease in non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines the use of high dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy (HDREB) for the palliation of respiratory symptoms in these patients. Specific topics discussed include the appropriate dose of HDREB, toxicity, and fatal hemoptysis.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adolescents and young adults with cancer. The guideline discusses risk factors, screening, diagnosis, management, follow-up, supportive care, and palliative care for patients between 15 and 39 years of age. Unique issues discussed include adherence to treatment, the impact of cancer and its treatment on fertility, management of cancer during pregnancy, relationship management, and socioeconomic issues.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult and pediatric patients with cancer. The guideline examines the practicality of palliative care delivery models for these patients and their family caregivers in resource-constrained settings. Recommendations are provided for palliative care models at the district, regional, and national level, as well as in the primary health care setting. For each model, the timing for addressing palliate care needs as well as the workforce, knowledge, and skills required are discussed. Nurses' roles in pain management, as well as spiritual care, social work/counseling, and opioid availability are also considered.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in adult patients. The guideline pertains to the following five subtypes of STS: (1) STS of extremity, superficial/trunk, or head and neck, (2) retroperitoneal or intra-abdominal STS, (3) gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), (4) desmoid tumours, and (5) rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). The guideline provides recommendations for diagnosis, staging, treatment, palliative care, and surveillance. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are all examined as treatment options.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults with any type of cancer. The guideline focuses on the screening, assessment, and treatment of cancer-related pain. Specific topics discussed include universal pain screening, management of pain in both opioid-naïve and opioid-tolerant patients, management of opioid-induced adverse effects, procedure-related pain and anxiety, management strategies for specific cancer pain syndromes, adjuvant analgesics for neuropathic pain, psychosocial support, and education for both patients and caregivers.

This is a clinical practice guideline for older patients with cancer. The guideline provides recommendations for comprehensive geriatric assessments, as well as treatment modalities such as surgery, radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Disease-specific issues are also addressed for breast cancer, central nervous system cancers, gastrointestinal cancers, genitourinary cancers, gynecological cancers, head and neck cancers, lung cancers, melanoma, and hematologic malignancies.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The guideline examines risk factors and genetic predisposition, pancreatic cancer screening, diagnosis and staging, systemic therapy approaches, radiation and chemoradiation approaches, surveillance of patients with resected disease, as well as palliative and supportive care. Management of metastatic disease, locally advanced disease, resectable and borderline resectable disease, and recurrent disease after resection is also considered.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in adult patients. The guideline pertains to the following five subtypes of STS: (1) STS of extremity, superficial/trunk, or head and neck, (2) retroperitoneal or intra-abdominal STS, (3) gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), (4) desmoid tumours, and (5) rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). The guideline provides recommendations for diagnosis, staging, treatment, palliative care, and surveillance. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are all examined as treatment options.

This is a provisional clinical opinion (PCO) for chemotherapy-naive men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This PCO examines second-line hormonal therapy and provides recommendations on staging, treatment, follow-up, and palliative care for men with CRPC. Outcomes of interest include overall survival, adverse events, quality of life, and treatment efficacy (defined as response in prostate-specific antigen values).

This is a clinical practice guideline discussing influenza immunization for adult and pediatric cancer patients. The guideline provides guidance on the timing of influenza immunization in relation to severity of immunosuppression and chemotherapy schedules, number of administrations, types of influenza vaccines, and contraindications and precautions for immunization. Recommendations for the immunization of family members and hospital or clinic staff are also provided.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the palliative care of patients with cancer. The guideline examines interventions such as symptom management, reassessment, and after-death care. The guideline provides an overview of the many considerations surrounding palliative care, such as cultural, ethical, legal, physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and existential issues.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer. The guideline provides recommendations on prevention, staging, imaging, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Treatment options such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and radical surgery are discussed. Other topics of interest include risk factors, comorbidities, quality of life, and pelvic organ preservation techniques.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC), including those with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The guideline provides recommendations for the management of these patients, and specifically discusses the use of chemotherapy, management of bone metastases, management of cancer related fatigue, as well as supportive and palliative care.

This is a clinical practice guideline for oncology clinicians on how to use effective communication to optimize the patient-clinician relationship, patient and clinician well-being, and family well-being. The guideline examines the core communication skills and tasks that apply across the continuum of cancer care. Topics include the discussion of goals of care and prognosis, treatment selection, end-of-life care, facilitating family involvement in care, and clinician training in communication skills.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adolescents and young adults with cancer. The guideline discusses risk factors, screening, diagnosis, management, follow-up, supportive care, and palliative care for patients between 15 and 39 years of age. Unique issues discussed include adherence to treatment, the impact of cancer and its treatment on fertility, management of cancer during pregnancy, relationship management, and socioeconomic issues.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients who have received initial treatment for chordomas, who are at risk for loco-regional recurrence. The guideline provides recommendations for pre-treatment assessment, resection of recurrent or progressive disease, radiotherapy of recurrence, other local therapies, follow-up, as well as for palliative, supportive and end-of-life care. Outcomes of interest include quality of life, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival.

A clinical practice guideline for the treatment of small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines treatment options for multiple stages of these two cancer modalities, including surgical and non-surgical procedures. Palliative, supportive, and psychological care for lung cancer patients are also discussed. This guideline is wiki-based and is constantly updated as new evidence arises - this review pertains to the guideline as of April 23, 2018.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients (children/adolescents and adults) who are experiencing cancer-related fatigue. The guideline discusses evaluation and intervention for patients on active treatment, post-treatment, and at end of life. Education and counselling, nonpharmacologic interventions, and pharmacologic interventions are all discussed along with general strategies for management of fatigue.

This clinical practice guideline discusses evaluation, treatment (primary and secondary) options, and follow-up care for patients with bladder cancer. Specific workup and treatment recommendations are provided for non-muscle invasive disease, muscle invasive disease, upper genitourinary tract (GU) tumours, urothelial carcinomas of the prostate, primary carcinoma of the urethra. Non-urothelial carcinomas of the bladder are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for teleoncology models of care. Teleoncology seeks to offer solutions to some of the access issues faced by patients and health professionals from regional, rural and remote communities around the world. The focus of the guideline is shaped by a number of clinical questions that include: what teleoncology models of care are available to health services in Australia and overseas; what models of care for teleoncology are available to nursing services; what models of care for teleoncology are available to allied health services; is teleoncology as effective as standard oncology care for the screening of cancer; is teleoncology as effective as standard oncology care for the diagnosis of cancer; is teleoncology as effective as standard oncology care for the treatment of cancer; and is teleoncology as effective as standard oncology care for the palliative care of cancer patients.

This is a clinical practice guideline for palliative oncology patients 18 years of age or older with low grade/ low volume/ malignancy-associated urogenital or gastrointestinal bleeding, or with malignant gastrointestinal obstruction, compression or invasion. External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with or without , brachytherapy, stent placement, and surgical bypass are discussed as therapeutic options. Outcomes of interest include clinical improvement of symptoms, quality of life, and survival.

This clinical practice guideline discusses evaluation, treatment (primary and secondary) options, and follow-up care for patients with bladder cancer. Specific workup and treatment recommendations are provided for non-muscle invasive disease, muscle invasive disease, upper genitourinary tract (GU) tumours, urothelial carcinomas of the prostate, and primary carcinoma of the urethra. Non-urothelial carcinomas of the bladder are also discussed.

This guideline discusses the clinical standards of care for the treatment of rectal cancer in Nova Scotia with all aspects of rectal cancer care covered, from diagnosis to survivorship and/or palliation. This includes recommended standards for professionals involved in care, pretreatment investigations, and surgical, neo-adjuvant, and adjuvant treatments. Other topics covered include lynch syndrome screening and referral to medical genetics. Psychosocial health services and supportive care recommendations are also reviewed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with colon cancer or adenocarcinomas of the small bowel and appendix. The guideline reviews staging, pathology, clinical presentation and treatment of nonmetastatic disease, management of metastatic disease, post-treatment surveillance, and survivorship. The role of vitamin D in colorectal cancer is also discussed.

This clinical practice guideline reviews workup, staging, and treatment for both noninvasive and invasive breast cancer. Special considerations include phyllodes tumor, Paget's disease, breast cancer during pregnancy, and inflammatory breast cancer. Treatment recommendations for invasive cancer are stratified by tumor receptor status and stage. Fertility and birth control is also discussed.

The guideline provides recommendations for management and treatment of patients 18 years of age and older who have malignant superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) or airway obstruction, compression, or invasion, or those experiencing hemoptysis. The course of management is dependent on symptoms, primary histology, urgency of histology, previous treatment, and access to resources. External beam radiotherapy (EBRT), endobronchial brachytherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bronchoscopic debulking, surgical resection, photodynamic therapy, and Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) are discussed as treatment options. For superior vena cava obstruction, external beam radiation EBRT, RT dose fractionation, SVC stent insertion, steroids, and palliative intent chemotherapy are discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer. The guideline examines the most effective antitumour and palliative care interventions for clinicians and planners. Treatment options that are discussed include cone biopsy, extrafascial hysterectomy, modified radical or radical hysterectomy, and combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis. The guideline reviews risk factors and clinical presentation, and provides recommendations for clinical staging, management of primary legions, management of regional lymph nodes, surveillance, and management of metastatic disease. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are reviewed as treatment options.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer including fallopian tube cancer and primary peritoneal cancer. Less common histopathologies including ovarian low malignant potential (LMP) tumor, malignant germ cell neoplasms, carcinosarcomas (malignant mixed Müllerian tumors [MMMTs] of the ovary), and malignant sex cord-stromal tumors, are also discussed. The guideline provides recommendations on diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and relapse. Primary treatment options for ovarian cancer include surgery (risk-reducing or cytoreductive), chemotherapy (neoadjuvant and adjuvant), incomplete surgery and/or staging, anti-angiogenesis agents, and radiation therapy. The number of chemotherapy cycles and agents are reviewed, along with drug reactions.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with bone metastases and spinal compression as common causes of cancer-related pain. The guideline examines radiotherapy and prophylactic steroids to reduce pain and pain flares. Outcomes of interest include improved neurological outcomes, survival, and reduced functional interference.

A clinical practice guideline for the use of palliative radiation therapy (RT) in adults with bone metastases. The guideline discusses the appropriateness of different fractionation schemes depending on clinical context, and examines the risks of experiencing long-term side-effects associated with single fractionation. The efficacy of advanced RT techniques for initial treatment and retreatment is also discussed, and the guideline examines the potential impacts that surgery, radionuclides, bisphosphonates, and kyphoplasty/vertebroplasty have on the appropriateness of palliative RT. Outcomes of interest include reductions in pain, spinal cord compression, hypercalcemia, and pathologic fracture.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers. The guideline examines the integration of palliative care into standard oncology care, including the most practical models of palliative care, when and to who this care should be provided, and which palliative care interventions are helpful to caregivers. Outcomes of interest include quality of life, symptom relief, psychological outcomes, survival, and satisfaction.

This clinical practice guideline reviews diagnosis and management of adenocarcinomas of the exocrine pancreas. Risk factors and genetic predisposition are discussed, and the guideline provides recommendations on screening, diagnosis and staging, and treatment options including systemic therapy, chemoradiation, and surgical management. Palliative and supportive care are also reviewed. Topics of interest include an overview of biomarkers, and suggestions for management of premalignant tumours of the pancreas.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations for evaluation, workup, management, and follow-up of 2 pathologic diagnoses in patients with epithelial occult primary cancer: adenocarcinoma or carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Diagnostic tests are recommended based on disease location and patient gender. Treatment options for disseminated or localized disease for adenocarcinoma and site-specific SCC are also discussed.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on esophageal and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancers, including: a review of hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes associated with increased risk for esophageal and EGJ cancers, staging and pathology, imaging, and treatment including surgery, radiation therapy, combined modality therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. Surveillance, management of metastatic, or recurrent cancer, and best supportive care are also discussed. Special topics of interest include treatment and surveillance options for patients with Barrett's esophagus, and suggested strategies to help alleviate the current problems associated with leucovorin shortage.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients over 18 years of age with esophageal cancer, including both squamous cell and adenocarcinoma. The guideline provides recommendations on diagnostic work-up, staging, treatment options for potentially curable cancer stratified by stage, and management options for incurable cancer. Esophagectomy, endoscopic therapy, primary chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy, pre-operative chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy and pre-operative chemotherapy are discussed, as well as supportive care. Outcomes of interest include survival (overall, progression-free, 5-year), morbidity, toxicity, and rate of sudden death.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the identification, prevention, and treatment of reversible elements of malnutrition in adult cancer patients. The specific objectives of this guideline are to improve early detection and treatment of malnutrition and metabolic derangements in cancer patients and cancer survivors; to provide guidance to health care workers and patients on the most appropriate and effective management of nutritional and metabolic problems in cancer patients; and, by this, to lower the incidence and impact of malnutrition and metabolic derangements in cancer patients and survivors. Topics considered include: effects of nutritional intervention during cytostatic and targeted therapies on treatment tolerance, response to treatment and overall survival, as well as effect of artificial nutrition on treatment tolerance, treatment completion, relapse rate and overall survival.

This is a clinical practice guideline addressing lymphoma in the adult population. The guideline focuses on diagnosis and pathology, staging, and treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas, Hodgkin Lymphoma, HDCT and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for lymphoma. Supportive and follow-up care is also addressed. The guideline updates the 2015 guideline of the same title.

This clinical practice guideline is for adolescents and young adults (AYAs), defined as individuals aged 15 to 39 years, who have been diagnosed with cancer. The guideline discusses issues specific to AYAs and recommends interventions unique to these patients. Topics include an overview of risk factors, screening, diagnosis, and special considerations for management of AYA patients such as adherence to treatment and fertility preservation, contraception for women during and after cancer treatment, and management of cancer during pregnancy. Psychosocial and behavioural issues, survivorship issues, and palliative and end-of-life care are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of renal cell carcinoma. The guideline examines the diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up of renal cell carcinoma, with treatment recommendations stratified by disease stage. Therapeutic strategies are also discussed. Outcomes of interest include overall survival, cancer-specific survival, recurrence-free survival, and quality of life.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of female patients with cervical cancer. The guideline examines diagnosis, staging, treatment including surgery and adjuvant therapy, and follow up. Outcomes of interest include fertility preservations and improved quality of life through hormonal replacement therapy during follow up.

A clinical practice guideline for adult patients with renal cancer. The guideline examines treatment through surgery and ablative therapy, diagnosis, and follow-up. Outcomes of interest include improved prediction of cancer-specific survival through Karakiewicz nomograms and improved evidence for microwave ablation.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients (children/adolescents and adults) who are experiencing cancer-related fatigue. The guideline discusses evaluation and intervention for patients on active treatment, post-treatment, and at end of life. Education and counselling, nonpharmacologic interventions, and pharmacologic interventions are all discussed along with general strategies for management of fatigue.

This clinical practice guideline reviews diagnosis and management of adenocarcinomas of the exocrine pancreas. Risk factors and genetic predisposition are discussed, and the guideline provides recommendations on screening, diagnosis and staging, and treatment options including systemic therapy, chemoradiation, and surgical management. Palliative and supportive care are also reviewed. Topics of interest include an overview of biomarkers, and suggestions for management of premalignant tumours of the pancreas.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations for evaluation, workup, management, and follow-up of 2 pathologic diagnoses in patients with epithelial occult primary cancer: adenocarcinoma or carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Diagnostic tests are recommended based on disease location and patient gender. Treatment options for disseminated or localized disease for adenocarcinoma and site-specific SCC are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with colon cancer or adenocarcinomas of the small bowel and appendix. The guideline reviews staging, pathology, clinical presentation and treatment of nonmetastatic disease, management of metastatic disease, post-treatment surveillance, and survivorship. The role of vitamin D in colorectal cancer is also discussed.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on management of prostate cancer, including diagnosis and screening, management stratified by risk, and follow up care. Active surveillance, surgery (radical prostatectomy), external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy, cryosurgery, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT), and systemic therapies are discussed as treatment options. Bone health is also reviewed. Outcomes of interest include survival and recurrence.

This is a clinical practice guideline fore patients who have been diagnosed with or are at risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline provides recommendations on disease prevention and screening, including risk factors, the role of smoking cessation, and screening programs for early diagnosis. Recommendations regarding clinical presentation are also presented, with specific topics such as imaging studies, and surgical risk, including cardiological risk and the evaluation of respiratory function. The guideline also provides guidance on follow-up, when appropriate.

This is a clinical practice guideline on the management and admission to intensive care of critically ill adult patients with hematological malignancy. This guideline is intended to be of use to hematologists and intensivists practicing in the UK, and outlines some of the major considerations in the management of the critically ill patient with hematological malignancy.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on use of systemic treatment in the care of advanced, stage IIIB/IV patients who have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has not progressed (i.e., complete response, partial response or stable disease) following four to six cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy and who have maintained an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2. The guideline discusses use of pemetrexed, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and use of maintenance chemotherapies, namely docetaxel and gemcitabine. Overall survival and quality of life were critical outcomes for the development of recommendations within this guideline.

A clinical practice guideline for adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The guideline examines treatment, primarily though palliative chemotherapy regimens. Outcomes of interest include delayed disease progression through monoclonal antibodies and improved treatment planning through the identification of RAS testing.

This clinical practice guideline is for adolescents and young adults (AYAs), defined as individuals aged 15 to 39 years, who have been diagnosed with cancer. The guideline discusses issues specific to AYAs and recommends interventions unique to these patients. Topics include an overview of risk factors, screening, diagnosis, and special considerations for management of AYA patients such as adherence to treatment and fertility preservation, contraception for women during and after cancer treatment, and management of cancer during pregnancy. Psychosocial and behavioural issues, survivorship issues, and palliative and end-of-life care are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer including fallopian tube cancer and primary peritoneal cancer. Less common histopathologies including ovarian low malignant potential (LMP) tumour, malignant germ cell neoplasms, carcinosarcomas (malignant mixed Müllerian tumours [MMMTs] of the ovary), and malignant sex cord-stromal tumours, are also discussed. The guideline provides recommendations on diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and relapse. Primary treatment options for ovarian cancer include surgery (risk-reducing or cytoreductive), chemotherapy (neoadjuvant and adjuvant), incomplete surgery and/or staging, anti-angiogenesis agents, and radiation therapy. The number of chemotherapy cycles and agents are reviewed, along with drug reactions.

This clinical practice guideline discusses evaluation, treatment (primary and secondary) options, and follow-up care for patients with bladder cancer. Specific workup and treatment recommendations are provided for non-muscle invasive disease, muscle invasive disease, upper genitourinary tract (GU) tumours, urothelial carcinomas of the prostate, primary carcinoma of the urethra. Non-urothelial carcinomas of the bladder are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with epidermolysis bullosa. The guideline provides recommendations for the diagnosis, staging, and management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in these patients. Specific topics discussed include surveillance and diagnosis, tumour evaluation and staging, surgical treatment, nonsurgical treatment, the use of prosthetics, and end-of-life care.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The guideline provides recommendations on different patient types, with consideration to whether patient is symptomatic/asymptomatic, if cancer is metastatic, poor vs good performance status, and whether or not patient has previously received docetaxel chemotherapy. Outcomes of interest include survival (overall survival, progression-free, metastasis-free) PSA PFS, PSA decline, measurable disease response, adverse events/side-effects of treatment, quality of life (QOL), skeletal-related events (SREs), pain-free survival, and pain response.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis. The guideline reviews risk factors and clinical presentation, and provides recommendations for clinical staging, management of primary legions, management of regional lymph nodes, surveillance, and management of metastatic disease. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are reviewed as treatment options.

This clinical practice guideline reviews workup, staging, and treatment for both noninvasive and invasive breast cancer. Special considerations include phyllodes tumour, Paget's disease, breast cancer during pregnancy, and inflammatory breast cancer. Treatment recommendations for invasive cancer are stratified by tumour receptor status and stage. Fertility and birth control are also discussed.

This guideline provides recommendations on the use of advanced practice nurses (APNs) to optimize patient, provider, and health system outcomes across the cancer care continuum. Specifically, the guideline reviews patient populations and situations (types of needs, practice settings, phase of the cancer care continuum) for which APN roles have demonstrated equivalent or improved outcomes, or reduced harms in cancer care. Outcomes of interest include quality of life, physical, functional, psychosocial, and mental health, as well as morbidity, mortality, symptom management, patient and provider satisfaction, health care utilization, costs, and quality of care.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on esophageal and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancers, including: a review of hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes associated with increased risk for esophageal and EGJ cancers, staging and pathology, imaging, and treatment including surgery, radiation therapy, combined modality therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. Surveillance, management of metastatic, or recurrent cancer, and best supportive care are also discussed. Special topics of interest include treatment and surveillance options for patients with Barrett's esophagus, and suggested strategies to help alleviate the current problems associated with leucovorin shortage.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the treatment of lung cancer. Recommendations are provided by stage, type (non-small cell and small cell) and whether cancer is operable, and treatment options for review include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Recommendations on palliative and supportive care are also provided. Outcomes of interest include survival (progression free, overall), post-operative complication rates, toxicity, and quality of life.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of biliary tract cancers. The guidelines consist of algorithms that outline diagnosis and treatment followed by clinical questions regarding seven topics: prophylactic treatment, diagnosis, biliary drainage, surgical treatment, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and pathology. Recommendations are therefore drawn from these clinical questions, and include recommendations as to what the first step in the diagnosis of the biliary tract cancers is, what the appropriate procedure for preoperative biliary drainage is and when it should be performed, and whether radiation therapy is useful for patients with unresectable biliary tract cancer.

The purpose of this clinical practice guideline is to provide guidance to the primary oncology team so as to help ensure each patient within their care experiences the best quality of life possible throughout the illness trajectory. The guideline was developed to facilitate the appropriate integration of palliative care into oncology practice. The guideline outlines procedure for screening, assessment, palliative care interventions, reassessment, and after-death care. The panel initially focused on the needs of patients in their last 12 months of life. More recent versions, however, have expanded the focus to all patients and family experiencing cancer throughout the disease trajectory.

This clinical practice guideline addresses care of adult patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, specifically within Nova Scotia. The guideline provides recommendations on pre-surgical evaluation of thyroid nodules, surgical treatment and complications, pathology reporting, grading and tumour staging (TNM), risk prognostic systems, and post-surgical radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. Protocols for lab and diagnostic follow-up, management of local and regional recurrences, early and long-term follow-up, and supportive and palliative care management are also addressed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the treatment of colorectal cancer. The overarching aim of the guideline is to provide standard treatment strategies for colorectal cancer, to eliminate treatment disparities among institutions, to eliminate unnecessary treatment and insufficient treatment, and to deepen mutual understanding among health-care professionals and patients. Issues addressed include: surgical treatment, treatment strategies after resection, as well as palliative care options.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients over the age of 18 years with acute myeloid leukemia. The guideline reviews diagnosis, classification, ancillary tests, response criteria, prognosis/risk stratification, risk groups as per cytogenetic or molecular status, and management options. Treatments reviewed include chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and palliation. Follow up care is also discussed.

This guideline set provides recommendations on the supportive care for cancer patients, including oral and dental care, pain and symptom management, febrile neutropenia, and osteoporosis. Topics of discussion include prevention and treatment, and palliative care. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients aged 18 or over with head and neck cancer. The guideline explores key dietetic issues in the management of this patient group, including screening and referral, and management during treatment including surgery and radiotherapy. Immunonutrition is discussed, and techniques are reviewed including tube feeding with recommendations provided for optimal method and timing. Special topics of interest include the impact of new treatment regimes on nutrition outcomes, including use of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) and other systemic agents such as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-inhibitors.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients diagnosed and living with recurrent brain metastases. The guideline discusses different retreatment options such as whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), surgery without radiation, and chemotherapy. The guideline also examines the role of best supportive care (BSC) and the follow-up of patients, including a discussion of imaging modalities and intervals for follow-up imaging.

A clinical practice guideline for managing brain metastases in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive advanced breast cancer. The guideline examines local and systemic therapy treatment options based on prognosis and disease progression. Outcomes of interest include improved brain control and reduced risk of local recurrence.

This is a clinical practice guideline for women with endometrial carcinoma. The guideline reviews treatment options including: adjuvant therapy including radiation, vaginal brachytherapy, and chemotherapy; and therapy for advanced disease. Treatment for synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancer, fertility-sparing treatment, post-treatment patient surveillance, and the role of hormone replacement therapy in the development of endometrial carcinoma are also discussed. Outcomes of interest include survival (overall, 5-year, disease-specific), locoregional recurrence rate, survival rate after recurrence, and toxicity.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults over the age of 18 years with recurrent high-grade gliomas, including grade III anaplastic astrocytomas, anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, anaplastic oligoastrocytomas and grade IV glioblastomas. The guideline discusses diagnostic assessment for recurrence, and treatment options including systemic therapy, surgery, and re-irradiation. Factors of consideration when determining treatment course are also discussed.

A clinical practice guideline for adult patients with brain tumours, specifically focusing on nursing activities. The guideline examines management from diagnosis to survivorship or end-of-life care, with specific focus on symptom management and communication with patients and family. Outcomes of interest include improved patient education and supportive communication..

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults diagnosed with or suspected of having soft tissue or visceral sarcoma. The guideline discusses diagnosis, staging and risk assessment, and treatment stratified by whether disease type is localized or advanced. Follow-up care is also reviewed. Treatment options for patients with special presentations and entities is also discussed, including patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas, uterine sarcomas, desmoid-type fibromatosis, and breast sarcomas.

This is a clinical practice guideline for males with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. The guideline provides recommendations on management including psychosocial care, treatment for locally advanced disease, biochemical relapse, overt metastatic disease and/or loco-regional progressive disease, and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Palliative care, complementary and alternative therapies, socio-economic aspects of advanced prostate cancer, and emerging therapies are also discussed. Outcomes of interest include treatment efficacy, toxicity, morbidity, adverse effects from surgery, survival (overall, disease-free, prostate-cancer-specific) and disease progression.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients diagnosed with or at risk of having anal cancer. The guideline outlines screening and prevention, diagnostic assessment and staging, treatment, and follow-up and surveillance. Special topics of interest include treatment of the elderly and personalized medicine. Management of advanced/metastatic disease is also discussed. Outcomes of interest include survival, recurrence rates and quality of life.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients over 18 years of age with metastatic colorectal cancer. The guideline reviews surveillance and treatment options including surgery, radiotherapy, palliative chemotherapy and biological therapy. Outcomes of interest include survival (overall, progression-free), and toxicity.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The guideline provides recommendations on diagnostic assessment, staging, and management. Treatment options including resection, liver transplantation, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), transarterial chemo-embolization (TACE), transarterial radioembolization (TARE), sorafenib, and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) are reviewed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients over 18 years of age with pancreatic cancer. The guideline reviews diagnostic work-up, staging, and treatment options for both potentially curable and unresectable pancreatic cancer. Comparisons are made between FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine chemotherapy regimes. Outcomes of interest include survival, adverse events, and response rate.

A clinical practice guideline for the treatment of adult male patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The guideline examines systemic therapy options in combination with androgen deprivation. Outcomes of interest include reduced toxicity risk and reduced disease progression.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of penile cancers in adult male patients, focusing primarily on penile squamous cell carcinoma. The guideline examines the full continuum of cancer care for penile cancer patients, and provides a variety of treatment options based on staging and diagnosis. Outcomes of interest include improved functional and cosmetic treatment and reduced nodal recurrence.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines the continuum of care for lung cancer, including the importance of smoking cessation, staging investigations, surgery as a curative option, radiotherapy recommendations, and palliative care considerations. Outcomes of interest include survival benefits with non-surgical management, reduced side effects in second line therapies, and increased staging specificity.

This is a clinical practice guideline for men with suspected or diagnosed localised, locally advanced, or metastatic prostate cancer. The guideline examines diagnosis and staging, primarily through PSA testing and biopsy, as well as timelines for active surveillance options. The guideline also examines multiple treatment options based on cancer staging, including hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and radical surgical options. Outcomes of interest include increased prediction of outcomes, overall survival, and reduced risk of bone density loss.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients (18 years or older) with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. The guideline provides recommendations on sequential chemotherapy strategies for treatment with palliative intent. The cytotoxic agents discussed include initial fluoropyrimidine (5-FU or capecitabine) either alone or in combination, irinotecan and oxaliplatin. Outcomes of interest are overall survival, toxicity, and quality of life.

This guideline set provides recommendations on the management of neurological cancers including five primary subgroups: astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, meningioma, and pituitary adenoma. Topics of discussion include prevention, diagnosis and staging, management, and follow-up. Additionally, the use of corticosteroids and anticonvulsants are discussed. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

This guideline discusses psychosocial management of adolescents and young adults (AYA's) - aged between 15 and 24 - diagnosed with cancer of any type. Topics of discussion include effective communication, addressing the support and information needs of family members, addressing physical/medical issues that impact psychosocial wellbeing, addressing psychological wellbeing, helping to keep the patient connected with life outside their cancer treatment, providing age appropriate clinical management, and addressing palliative care needs. Other resources are also provided for patients, family and friends, and for health professionals.

This clinical practice guideline discusses cervical cancer control including: cervical cancer prevention and control programmes; community mobilization, education and counselling; HPV vaccination; screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer; diagnosis and treatment of invasive cervical cancer; and palliative care. Treatment options for special populations including women who are pregnant and women living with HIV are also reviewed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for elderly patients at risk of or diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The guideline discusses screening strategies and reviews treatment options stratified by stage. Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted agents and second-line therapies are discussed. Other topics of consideration include the consideration of patient preferences and the importance of geriatric assessment when determining optimal strategy for management of cancer.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC). Treatment options are discussed for inoperable locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), both inflammatory and non-inflammatory; and metastatic breast cancer (MBC), with recommendations specific to site of metastasis. Treatment recommendations are further stratified by cancer subtype (tumour status) and by specific populations including patients with BRCA-associated triple-negative or endocrine-resistant MBC and male patients with ABC.

A clinical practice guideline for women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2-negative) or unknown advanced breast cancer. The guideline examines first-line treatment options including the benefits of single agent versus combination therapy, specifically the role of bevacizumab. Outcomes of interest include slowed disease progression, modestly improved survival, and increased communication concerning end of life planning.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients who have bowel obstruction with advanced peritoneal carcinomatosis for which complete cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemoperfusion are no longer relevant. The guideline provides recommendations on clinical assessment and treatment options for relieving intestinal obstruction or its symptoms. Treatment/management options include surgery, steroids, stents, nasogastric tubes (NGT's) and venting gastronomy, antisecretory drugs, and antiemetic management. Outcomes of interest include complication rate of surgical management (e.g. obstruction, perforation), morbi-mortality rates from surgery, and quality of life.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with resectable stage IV primary cutaneous melanoma without nodal disease. The guideline examines treatment options, including chemoimmunotherapy and surgical resection of distant sites. Outcomes of interest include improved survival times and improved patient selection for chemoimmunotherapy.

This is a clinical practice guideline on end-of-life care for patients with terminal lung cancer. The guideline provides recommendations on when to provide palliative care within the overall treatment course, and on the role and importance of physician patient communication about the goals of palliative care, pros and cons of life-sustaining treatment, and end-of-life care options. Topics of interest include common misconceptions about what palliative care entails, management of distressing symptoms, cost and quality of care, cost at end of life, transition to hospice, and impact on family.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with a positive diagnosis for cervical cancer. The guideline examines diagnosis and staging, and provides treatment recommendations based on cancer stage. Specific recommendations are also provided for pregnant patients. Outcomes of interest include improved use of adjuvant post-operative radiotherapy based on pathological findings.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with, or suspected of having, nasopharyngeal cancer. The guideline examines baseline investigation procedures, treatment options with a specific focus on radiotherapy, and follow-up. Outcomes of interest include improved treatment strategies for advanced stage patients, and improved concurrent chemotherapy options.

A clinical practice guideline for adult female patients with uterine sarcomas, including leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and adenosarcoma. The guideline examines optimal surgical staging, adjuvant therapy, and palliative therapy. Outcomes of interest include improved progression-free survival rates and improved survival with the combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel.

This is a clinical practice guideline for men with prostate cancer or suspected prostate cancer. The guideline provides an overview of early diagnostic and screening procedures, management and treatment options, and follow-up care for low-risk, intermediate-risk, and advanced disease. The guideline also reviews bone health and the use of bisphosphonates as treatment for castrate resistant disease. Outcomes of interest include mortality, quality of life, morbidity, treatment complications, and toxicity.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients over 18 years of age with esophageal cancer, including both squamous cell and adenocarcinoma. The guideline provides recommendations on diagnostic work-up, staging, treatment options for potentially curable cancer, and management options for incurable cancer. Outcomes of interest include survival (overall, progression-free, 5-year), morbidity, toxicity, and rate of sudden death.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults over 18 years of age with squamous cell carcinomas that arise in the anal canal. The guideline discusses diagnostic work-up, staging, and the goals of therapy and recommendations for both potentially curable, locally recurrent, and metastatic cancer of the anal canal. Follow-up care is also reviewed.

This practice guideline reviews first-line palliative treatment for patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The use of cisplatin with 5-fluorouracil with or without cetuximab is compared, and recommendations are provided for treatment regimen, laboratory tests (baseline, weekly, and per cycle), clinical considerations, and assessment of treatment response. Dose modifications are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with testicular germ cell tumours. The guideline reviews diagnostic assessment, staging, management, and follow-up care for both seminoma and nonseminomas. Outcomes of interest include survival (overall, disease free), complete response rate, recurrence rates, and toxicity.

A clinical practice guideline for the assessment and treatment of esophageal cancer in adult patients. The guideline examines diagnosis and treatment, primarily through endoscopic biopsy and therapy. Outcomes of interest include an increased role for ablative techniques and improved palliation with stent methods.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with lung cancer who are experiencing cancer-related symptoms. Recommendations are provided for the management of symptoms, including pain, dyspnea, airway obstruction, cough, bone metastasis, brain metastasis, spinal cord metastasis, superior vena cava syndrome, hemoptysis, tracheoesophageal fistula, pleural effusions, venous thromboembolic disease, depression, fatigue, anorexia, and insomnia. Outcome of interest is symptom management.

A clinical practice guideline for adult patients with symptomatic endobronchial disease in non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines the use of high dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy for respiratory symptoms. Outcomes of interest include improved local control with combined therapies, and no increased toxicity complications.

A clinical practice guideline for adult patients with primary, non-small cell lung tumours. The guideline examines the use of photodynamic therapy in treatment and palliative care, and comparisons are made to traditional radiotherapy. Outcomes of interest include improved tumour response rates and reduced treatment failures in late stage lung cancer.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with locally advanced, unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer. The guideline examines radical radiation therapy, specifically continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy, in comparison to traditional radiotherapy. Outcomes of interest include a improved survival benefit over radiotherapy and improved control rates.

A clinical practice guideline for muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer patients. The guideline examines management stages including diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow up. Outcomes of interest include optimised treatment options for elderly patients and improved survival outcomes with pre-surgical neoadjuvant radiotherapy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Treatment options are compared including standard, histology, and platinum-based chemotherapy regimes, among others. Targeted chemotherapy with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is also discussed. Special topics of interest include the effectiveness of maintenance, second- and third-line treatments, as well as the treatment of elderly patients and patients with a poor performance status. Outcomes of interest include overall survival, progression free survival, response rate, toxicity, quality of life, and end of life.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with gastric cancers. The guideline examines diagnosis and management, including regional and resource-based recommendations. Outcomes of interest include increased HER2 testing and increased post-operative chemotherapy for palliative patients.

This clinical practice guideline discusses palliative and supportive care of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Specifically the guideline examines resource allocations for those patients in low- or middle income countries. Health systems resource allocations including education (for both health professionals and patients and families), palliative care models, and diagnostic testing are discussed. Additionally, supportive care recommendations are provided for metastatic disease management, and palliative care recommendations are discussed including pain management and psychosocial and spiritual aspects of care.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with localized prostate cancer. The guideline qualitatively examines factors affecting treatment decisions and physician perceptions of treatment options. Outcomes of interest include improved understanding of patient demographics in relation to treatment, and clarity regarding roles in the treatment process.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with malignant melanoma. The guideline examines management from diagnosis to follow-up, including referral processes, recommendations for pregnant patients, and supportive care. Outcomes of interest include improved recommendations for the timing and efficacy of sentinel lymph node biopsy, which is generally recommended as a first-line staging tool.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of prostate cancer in adult males. The guideline examines the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and palliative options for prostate cancer patients, with reference to multiple options following failed curative intent treatments. Outcomes of interest include improved screening to rule out radical treatment and treatment deferral.

A clinical practice guideline for the management for anaplastic thyroid cancer patients. The guideline examines diagnosis and initial evaluation, primarily through biopsy, and provides treatment options including surgery and systemic therapies. The guideline also considers nutritional support needs and appropriate standards of palliative care. Outcomes of interest include the use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy in improving survival, and overall improved 1-year survival rates.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with suspected or confirmed melanoma. The guideline examines management, including pathology, and imaging and treatment recommendations based on staging. Outcomes of interest include special considerations for Braff mutations and reduced unnecessary follow up testing.

This clinical practice guideline reviews treatment options for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Hormonal therapy, first-line chemotherapy, biological and immunotherapy, bone targeted treatments, radionuclides, and palliative treatments are discussed. Outcomes of interest include median and overall survival, and adverse events.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with colon cancer. The guideline examines risk assessment and treatment, primarily through surgical resection. Outcomes of interest include improved prediction of outcomes through histologic grading and reduced surgical morbidity in palliative procedures.

This clinical practice guideline provides an overview on the treatment of colorectal cancer. Treatment strategies are outlined for all stages of colorectal cancer as well as for recurrences and hematogenous metastases, and treatment options including chemotherapy and radiotherapy are reviewed. Palliative care and surveillance after surgery are also discussed. Outcomes of interest include survival and recurrence rate.

This clinical practice guideline examines cancer rehabilitation and is aimed at patients over 18 years of age who are undergoing or have completed cancer treatment. The guideline reviews long-term and late effects of general cancer treatment and provides recommendations on screening for adverse effects, referral and intake, and rehabilitation programs during curative treatment, after completion of curative treatment, and in the palliative phase. Work reintegration and social participation is also reviewed.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer in a variety of presentations. The guideline examines treatment options and palliative care options. Androgen deprivation therapy and psychosocial care are also considered. This guideline is wiki-based and is constantly updated as new evidence arises - this review pertains to the guideline as of June 27, 2014.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of cancer cachexia, particularly refractory cachexia, in advanced cancer patients. The guideline examines treatment through nutritional supplementation, medication, and counselling. Outcomes of interest include prophylactic options and short term interventions.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of adult gliomas. The guideline examines patients' needs, particularly with astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, across the cancer continuum. Areas of focus include symptom management, and psychosocial care.

A professional guideline for oncology nursing competencies. The guideline examines guiding principles for nurses throughout the cancer continuum, and enumerates core competencies. Important aspects include both clinical and supportive competencies, and a focus on accountability and quality improvement.

This is a clinical guideline for patients with seriously disabling or symptomatic chronic conditions at the end of life. The guideline examines treatment strategies for pain, dyspnea, and depression, and discusses important elements of advance care planning.