This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with solid tumours or hematological malignancies, and those with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The guideline examines the management of anemia and iron deficiency in these patients using erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), iron preparations for intravenous or oral administration, red blood cell transfusions, or combinations of these treatments. When and for whom treatment should be considered, as well as appropriate dose, are discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults with solid tumours and non-myeloid malignancies who are receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy. The guideline examines the use of myeloid growth factors (MGFs) in these patients as a method for reducing the incidence of neutropenia. Topics of interest include the benefits and risks of MGFs, as well as their use in prophylactic, therapeutic, and post-transplant settings.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults and children experiencing cancer-related fatigue (CRF). The guideline discusses screening for CRF, as well as evaluation approaches using focused history, assessment of treatable contributing factors, and patient clinical status. General strategies for managing CRF are discussed, and the guideline examines pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for patients based on their placement within the care continuum (i.e. active treatment, post-treatment, and end-of-life).

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults with any type of cancer. The guideline focuses on the screening, assessment, and treatment of cancer-related pain. Specific topics discussed include universal pain screening, management of pain in both opioid-naïve and opioid-tolerant patients, management of opioid-induced adverse effects, procedure-related pain and anxiety, management strategies for specific cancer pain syndromes, adjuvant analgesics for neuropathic pain, psychosocial support, and education for both patients and caregivers.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients living with HIV (PLWH) who are diagnosed with cancer. The guideline focuses primarily on PLWH who develop non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), anal cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, or cervical cancer. General advice is also provided regarding HIV management during cancer therapy, in addition to topics such as drug-drug interactions (DDI) between antiretroviral treatments and cancer therapies, initial workup, radiation therapy, surgical management, and supportive care.

This is a clinical practice guideline for survivors of childhood cancer. The guideline provides recommendations for the endocrine treatment of hypothalamic-pituitary and growth disorders in these patients. Specific conditions discussed include impaired linear growth, growth hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency.

This clinical practice guideline discusses the prevention and management of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in pediatric cancer patients. Acute, delayed, anticipatory, breakthrough and refractory CINV are discussed. Recommendations are provided on assessment as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Antiemetic dosing recommendations are also provided.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult cancer patients. The guideline examines the management cancer-related pain, and provides recommendations on treatment options such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and medical cannabis. The principles of pain management, and the treatment of mild, moderate, and severe pain are discussed, as is the invasive management of refractory pain.

This is a clinical practice guideline for children undergoing treatment for leukemia, or other forms of cancer. The guideline examines strategies for the prevention, assessment, and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Management of thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy, as well as therapy options for menstrual suppression, are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for older patients with cancer. The guideline provides recommendations for comprehensive geriatric assessments, as well as treatment modalities such as surgery, radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Disease-specific issues are also addressed for breast cancer, central nervous system cancers, gastrointestinal cancers, genitourinary cancers, gynecological cancers, head and neck cancers, lung cancers, melanoma, and hematologic malignancies.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with advanced cancer who are experiencing constipation due to diagnosis or treatment. The guideline discusses the assessment, diagnosis, and management of constipation in these patients. Specific recommendations are provided for managing constipation in older adults with cancer, opioid-induced constipation, and fecal impaction. Management options considered include prevention and self-care, laxatives, suppositories, and enemas.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults with cancer who are at risk for, or have been diagnosed with, delirium. The guideline provides recommendations regarding delirium prevention, diagnosis, screening, treatment and experiential impact. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are discussed. Guidance is also provided on education and support for the healthcare team and family members.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the identification and treatment of psychosocial problems in patients with cancer. The guideline examines screening tools for distress and meeting psychosocial needs, the initial evaluation and treatment by oncology teams, psychological/psychiatric treatment by mental health professionals, social work and counseling services, and spiritual and chaplaincy care. The Distress Thermometer (DT) is discussed as a useful clinical tool for self-assessing patient distress. Both the DT and the guideline itself use the term "distress" due to its lack of associated stigmatization when compared to terms such as psychosocial, psychiatric, or emotional.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with any type of cancer who are experiencing or are at high risk for experiencing nausea and/or vomiting due to treatment. The guideline examines treatment options for nausea and/or vomiting induced by radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. In addition to antiemetic treatment options, the guideline discusses the emetogenic potentials of different anticancer therapies.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of febrile neutropenia in children, including those with cancer, and/or those who are undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The guideline examines the signs and symptoms of febrile neutropenia, as well as the evaluation of affected patients. Antibiotic selection and dose are recommended based on factors related to patient's condition, including stability on presentation, presence of penicillin allergy, and current treatment. Continued management of inpatients and management based on culture results are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients who are receiving systemic anticancer therapy. The guideline examines the management of infusion reactions (IRs), which can be either allergic reactions to foreign proteins, or non-immune-mediated reactions. Specific topics discussed include risk assessment, diagnosis, management, how to document an IR, drugs which may frequently cause IRs, and cases of rechallenge.

This is a clinical practice guideline discussing the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients receiving treatment for solid (i.e. non-hematologic) tumours. The guideline examines the pharmacologic therapy and dosing options for both inpatients and ambulatory patients with established VTE or who are at risk for VTE (i.e. prophylaxis). The guideline also discusses common complications associated with antithrombotic therapy, as well as the follow-up of patients during its administration.

This is a clinical practice guideline on pneumococcal immunization for adult and pediatric cancer patients with solid tumours or hematologic cancers. The guideline provides recommendations on the type of vaccine and timing of immunization in relation to the type of treatment, therapy cycle, and severity of immunosuppression. Guidance is also provided on restrictions for immunization.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with desmoid tumours. The guideline provides recommendations for diagnosis, staging procedures, treatment, and follow-up. Treatment options including active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are examined. Topics of interest include desmoid tumours occurring during pregnancy, pain management, and rehabilitation.

This is a clinical practice guideline discussing influenza immunization for adult and pediatric cancer patients. The guideline provides guidance on the timing of influenza immunization in relation to severity of immunosuppression and chemotherapy schedules, number of administrations, types of influenza vaccines, and contraindications and precautions for immunization. Recommendations for the immunization of family members and hospital or clinic staff are also provided.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the palliative care of patients with cancer. The guideline examines interventions such as symptom management, reassessment, and after-death care. The guideline provides an overview of the many considerations surrounding palliative care, such as cultural, ethical, legal, physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and existential issues.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in pediatric cancer patients. The guideline provides recommendations on the use of pharmacological treatments for CINV, such as aprepitant and palonosetron. Outcomes of interest include CINV control rate and adverse events.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult and pediatric patients who receive antineoplastic agents or radiation therapy for cancer. The guideline examines important developments in antiemetic management options for patients undergoing the above treatments. Comparisons are made between antiemetic management options on the basis of potential benefits, potential harms, and quality of evidence. Outcomes of interest include new evidence regarding antiemetic efficacy and new antiemetic management options.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the prevention and treatment of cancer-related infections in neutropenic and immunocompromised non-neutropenic patients with cancer. This guidelines aims to provide an overview of the risk categorization and recommended strategies for prevention of infections in high-risk patient populations, as well as monitoring in patients with signs and/or symptoms of infections. Outcomes of interest include a finding that advances in treatment further emphasize the need for multidisciplinary care.

This clinical practice guideline is an adaptation of Cancer Care Ontario’s 2016 guideline titled Interventions to Address Sexual Problems in People With Cancer. The guideline examines the effectiveness of pharmacological interventions, psychosocial counseling, or devices to manage sexual problems experienced after cancer treatment. Recommendations are based on patient gender, and condition. Specific topics discussed are sexual response, body image (women), intimacy/relationships, overall sexual functioning and satisfaction, vasomotor symptoms, genital symptoms (women) and genital changes (men).

This guideline provides recommendations on use of vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty as treatment options for cancer patients with vertebral compression fractures. The guideline outlines clinical criteria for when vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, or focal tumour ablation (FTA) assisted vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty should be performed, and provides recommendations on selecting the most appropriate procedure. The role of radiation treatment, absolute contraindications, and service provider requirements are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults who have completed treatment and have been cured of cancer. The guideline examines different models of follow-up care, organized both by clinical setting, and by which health professionals are responsible for the coordination of care. The appropriateness of different models of care for different types of cancer is discussed, with focuses on clinical outcomes (e.g. surveillance, recurrence) and quality of life outcomes (e.g. quality of life, patient satisfaction).

This is a clinical practice guideline for the prevention and management of constipation in pediatric cancer patients. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options (including dosing recommendations) are discussed. The management of refractory opioid-induced constipation is also examined.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumours. The guideline discusses the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of these patients, and a treatment algorithm is presented based on life expectancy. Treatment options examined include systemic pharmacotherapy, intra-cerebrospinal fluid pharmacotherapy, focal radiotherapy (RT), and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT).

Tailored to the unique needs and concerns of patients with all types of cancer, this clinical practice guideline provides standard-of-care recommendations, techniques, and strategies on smoking cessation. The guideline outlines different interventions, including pharmacotherapy options (e.g. nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, bupropion, nortriptyline, clonidine), motivational strategies and behaviour techniques, and alternative treatment approaches such as electronic cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the prevention and treatment of cancer-related infections. The guideline examines external risk factors for infection, major host factors that predispose patients to infectious diseases, prevention of infectious complications (including the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis and preemptive therapy), management of neutropenic fever, and management of site-specific infections such as pneumonia, abdominal infections, and catheter-associated infections.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults and children with cancer-induced anemia (CIA). The guideline discusses the etiology of CIA, and examines the screening, evaluation, and treatment methods for reducing CIA in affected patients. Red blood cell transfusion, erythropoietic therapy, and iron monitoring and supplementation are discussed as treatment options.

This is a clinical practice guideline for oncology clinicians on how to use effective communication to optimize the patient-clinician relationship, patient and clinician well-being, and family well-being. The guideline examines the core communication skills and tasks that apply across the continuum of cancer care. Topics include the discussion of goals of care and prognosis, treatment selection, end-of-life care, facilitating family involvement in care, and clinician training in communication skills.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults with cancer-related fatigue. The guideline examines the appropriate screening, assessment, and management of these patients. Interventions discussed include pharmacological management, physical activity, functional and occupational therapy interventions, psychosocial and educational interventions, complementary therapies, nutrition, and management of anemia. Recommendations are provided based on the severity of fatigue.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with solid tumour malignancies. The guideline provides recommendations for administering influenza vaccines to these patients. The timing of vaccination, and for whom vaccination is appropriate, are both discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with epithelial occult primary cancer. The guideline provides recommendations for the evaluation, workup, management, and follow-up of two pathologic diagnoses in patients with epithelial occult primary cancer: adenocarcinoma, or carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Management options considered include, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, locoregional therapeutic options, and specialized approaches, as well as supportive care and management of psychosocial distress.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults and children with hematologic malignancies, solid tumours, or hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia. The guideline examines when and how clinicians should use platelet transfusion to prevent or manage bleeding in these patients. Recommendations are made on topics such as the preparation of platelet products, the prevention of Rhesus (Rh) alloimmunization, and platelet transfusion thresholds for patients with different conditions.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the empirical management of fever and neutropenia (FN) in children with cancer, and those who have received hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). The guideline examines initial presentation, ongoing management, and empirical antifungal therapy. Topics of interest include risk stratification to define patients with high-risk invasive fungal disease (IFD), recommended biomarkers and radiologic investigations for the evaluation of IFD in prolonged FN, and empirical antifungal therapy in IFD low-risk patients with prolonged FN.

This is a clinical practice guideline for children with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Recommendations are provided for the prevention of mucositis through oral care management, and various treatment options are considered for the management of mucositis in affected patients. The guideline also lists the risk factors for mucositis, and provides an oral assessment tool.

This is a clinical practice guideline for pediatric cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy. Guidance is provided for the diagnosis and treatment of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in these patients. Risk factors, grading of diarrhea, dietary modifications during diarrhea, and anti-diarrheal agents are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adolescents and young adults with cancer. The guideline discusses risk factors, screening, diagnosis, management, follow-up, supportive care, and palliative care for patients between 15 and 39 years of age. Unique issues discussed include adherence to treatment, the impact of cancer and its treatment on fertility, management of cancer during pregnancy, relationship management, and socioeconomic issues.

This consensus guideline provides recommendations on safe handling of oral anti-cancer drugs (OACDs) in community pharmacies across the medication lifecycle, from manufacturer packaging to waste management and incident reporting. Specifically, the guideline addresses packaging, labeling, receiving and unpacking, storage, drug preparation and handling, verification and dispensing, transportation, personal protective equipment (PPE), disposal, waste management and cleaning, and incident reporting. Recommendations for training and education are also discussed, along with staffing considerations.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults (aged 18 and older) at any phase of the cancer care continuum regardless of cancer type, stage (including metastatic) or treatment plan, with some components of the guideline also applicable to the patient's family and/or caregivers. Recommendations are provided on implementation of the brief tobacco intervention using the evidence-based AAR Brief Tobacco Intervention Model which includes screening, education and assessment, treatment plan, and referral, monitoring, and follow-up. The 2015 guideline was revised in June 2016 to abbreviate the cessation intervention model to best support adoption across all CCA clinics and settings. Clinical considerations and contraindications of treatment options for cancer patients are discussed including nicotine replace therapy (NRT), bupropion, varenicline, and e-cigarettes, and the impact of tobacco use on cancer treatment is reviewed with a specific focus on erlotinib and irinotecan.

This clinical practice guideline discusses specific issues related to the management of cancer in adults aged 65 years or older. Topics include screening and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), assessing risks and benefits of treatment, preventing or decreasing complications from therapy, and managing disease-specific issues. Recommendations are also provided for management of patients deemed to be at high risk for toxicity from standard treatment.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the use of myeloid growth factors in adult patients with solid tumours and non-myeloid malignancies. Benefits and risks are reviewed, the role of biosimilars is discussed, and recommendations are provided for prophylactic and therapeutic uses of both granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors (CSFs). Recommendations are also given regarding the use of CSFs in the hematopoietic cell transplant setting. Outcomes of interest include efficacy of CSFs, mortality, length of hospitalization, toxicity, and adverse effects.

A clinical practice guideline for the prevention of chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer patients. The guideline examines the emetogenic potential of antineoplastic agents and recommended pharmacological treatments. Outcomes of interest include antiemetic prophylaxis, efficacy, and optimal dosing.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients (children/adolescents and adults) who are experiencing cancer-related fatigue. The guideline discusses evaluation and intervention for patients on active treatment, post-treatment, and at end of life. Education and counselling, nonpharmacologic interventions, and pharmacologic interventions are all discussed along with general strategies for management of fatigue.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on assessment and management of cancer pain in adult patients, including pain in adult cancer survivors. Pathophysiologic classification of cancer pain syndromes is reviewed, and recommendations are provided for pain assessment, management/intervention, and reassessment. Both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions are discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the management of chronic pain in survivors of adult cancers. Whereas other guidelines have largely focused on relieving acute pain or pain associated with advanced disease, this guideline focuses on the care required when pain persists months or years after the completed cancer treatment. Areas addressed in the guideline include: screening and comprehensive assessment; treatment and care options; nonpharmacologic interventions; pharmacologic interventions; as well as risk assessment, mitigation, and universal precautions with opioid use.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on influenza vaccinations for children and adults with solid tumours or hematologic malignancies. Recommendations are provided for vaccine type (live versus inactivated) and administration in relation to the therapy cycle, and are stratified by patient age (adult versus pediatric). Topics of discussion include the effects of age, duration, and type of systemic therapy in regards to response of patients to the influenza vaccine, as well as contraindications and precautions for immunization.

This is a clinical practice guideline on the identification and treatment of psychosocial problems in patients with cancer. The guideline discuss screening tools for distress, initial evaluation and treatment by the oncology team, psychological/psychiatric treatment by mental health professionals, social work and counselling services, and spiritual and chaplaincy care. Psychological/psychiatric treatment guidelines are reviewed. Special topics of interest include oncologist burnout.

The guideline provides recommendations for management and treatment of patients 18 years of age and older who have malignant superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) or airway obstruction, compression, or invasion, or those experiencing hemoptysis. The course of management is dependent on symptoms, primary histology, urgency of histology, previous treatment, and access to resources. External beam radiotherapy (EBRT), endobronchial brachytherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bronchoscopic debulking, surgical resection, photodynamic therapy, and Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) are discussed as treatment options. For superior vena cava obstruction, external beam radiation EBRT, RT dose fractionation, SVC stent insertion, steroids, and palliative intent chemotherapy are discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for teleoncology models of care. Teleoncology seeks to offer solutions to some of the access issues faced by patients and health professionals from regional, rural and remote communities around the world. The focus of the guideline is shaped by a number of clinical questions that include: what teleoncology models of care are available to health services in Australia and overseas; what models of care for teleoncology are available to nursing services; what models of care for teleoncology are available to allied health services; is teleoncology as effective as standard oncology care for the screening of cancer; is teleoncology as effective as standard oncology care for the diagnosis of cancer; is teleoncology as effective as standard oncology care for the treatment of cancer; and is teleoncology as effective as standard oncology care for the palliative care of cancer patients.

This is a clinical practice guideline for antiemesis. The guideline examines emesis, types of nausea/vomiting (e.g., chemotherapy induced), antiemetic therapies, and treatment issues associated with antiemetic therapies.

These clinical practice guidelines for survivorship provide screening, evaluation, and treatment recommendations for common consequences of cancer and cancer treatment to aid health care professionals who work with survivors of adult-onset cancer in the post-treatment period, including those in specialty cancer survivor clinics and primary care practices. The guidelines focus on the vast and persistent impact both the diagnosis and treatment of cancer can have on the adult survivor’s health, physical and mental states, health behaviors, professional and personal identity, sexuality, and financial standing.

A guideline for the management of fluorouracil for treating solid tumours. The guideline examines the safe management of fluorouracil in medication pumps, and recommendations for treating and monitoring patients who have overdosed. Important aspects include specific dosing regimens, fluid administration calculations, and outpatient management.

This is a clinical practice guideline for children aged 1 month to 18 years who are receiving chemotherapy. The guideline examines the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), including the treatment of breakthrough CINV and the prevention of refractory CINV. The primary outcome of interest is a decrease in the incidence of CINV.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult men and women that have sexual function side effects as a result of cancer diagnoses and/or treatment. The guideline examines strategies/interventions to manage sexual function side effects with the aim of decreasing distress, and improving quality of life for cancer survivors and their partners. Both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions are discussed.

A clinical practice guideline for the use of palliative radiation therapy (RT) in adults with bone metastases. The guideline discusses the appropriateness of different fractionation schemes depending on clinical context, and examines the risks of experiencing long-term side-effects associated with single fractionation. The efficacy of advanced RT techniques for initial treatment and retreatment is also discussed, and the guideline examines the potential impacts that surgery, radionuclides, bisphosphonates, and kyphoplasty/vertebroplasty have on the appropriateness of palliative RT. Outcomes of interest include reductions in pain, spinal cord compression, hypercalcemia, and pathologic fracture.

This clinical practice guideline examines the impact of fertility drugs on the risk of cancer in women. The guideline looks at the association between use of fertility drugs and increased risk of developing invasive ovarian, breast, endometrial, colon and thyroid cancers as well as non-Hodgkin lymphoma and malignant melanoma. The association between fertility drugs and borderline ovarian tumours is also examined.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults with cancer who may be considering cardiotoxic anticancer therapies. The guideline examines surveillance and monitoring approaches for cardiac dysfunction in survivors of adult-onset cancers, both during and after treatment. Determining which patients are at risk for developing cardiac dysfunction, and identifying strategies to minimize risk before and during the administration of potentially cardiotoxic therapy, are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers. The guideline examines the integration of palliative care into standard oncology care, including the most practical models of palliative care, when and to who this care should be provided, and which palliative care interventions are helpful to caregivers. Outcomes of interest include quality of life, symptom relief, psychological outcomes, survival, and satisfaction.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the identification, prevention, and treatment of reversible elements of malnutrition in adult cancer patients. The specific objectives of this guideline are to improve early detection and treatment of malnutrition and metabolic derangements in cancer patients and cancer survivors; to provide guidance to health care workers and patients on the most appropriate and effective management of nutritional and metabolic problems in cancer patients; and, by this, to lower the incidence and impact of malnutrition and metabolic derangements in cancer patients and survivors. Topics considered include: effects of nutritional intervention during cytostatic and targeted therapies on treatment tolerance, response to treatment and overall survival, as well as effect of artificial nutrition on treatment tolerance, treatment completion, relapse rate and overall survival.

A clinical practice guideline for adult and pediatric patients with cancer, including hematological cancers and solid tumours. The guideline examines pneumococcal immunization in order to prevent secondary infections. Outcomes of interest include reduced pneumonial mortality and improved immunization scheduling.

This clinical practice guideline is for adolescents and young adults (AYAs), defined as individuals aged 15 to 39 years, who have been diagnosed with cancer. The guideline discusses issues specific to AYAs and recommends interventions unique to these patients. Topics include an overview of risk factors, screening, diagnosis, and special considerations for management of AYA patients such as adherence to treatment and fertility preservation, contraception for women during and after cancer treatment, and management of cancer during pregnancy. Psychosocial and behavioural issues, survivorship issues, and palliative and end-of-life care are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for smoking cessation in patients with cancer. The guideline emphasizes the importance of smoking cessation in all patients with cancer and seeks to establish evidence-based, standard of care recommendations tailored to the unique needs and concerns of patients with cancer. Treatment plans are provided that include recommendations that evaluate the merits of pharmacotherapy, behaviour therapy, and follow-up. The guideline developers acknowledge that smoking and nicotine addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder and as a result, the guideline also provides recommendations around retreatment and the management of relapse.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with cancer-induced anemia, with an emphasis on patients with anemia who are receiving concomitant chemotherapy. The guideline reviews etiology and provides recommendations on screening, follow-up risk assessment, and management. Red blood cell transfusion, erythropoietic therapy (ESA), and iron monitoring and supplementation are reviewed as treatment options.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations for evaluation, workup, management, and follow-up of 2 pathologic diagnoses in patients with epithelial occult primary cancer: adenocarcinoma or carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Diagnostic tests are recommended based on disease location and patient gender. Treatment options for disseminated or localized disease for adenocarcinoma and site-specific SCC are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for postoperative care in gynecologic/oncology surgery. The guideline reviewed existing evidence to make recommendations for elements of postoperative care. Postoperative care elements considered in the guideline include: preoperative medical optimization, bowel preparation, carbohydrate loading, thromboembolism prophylaxis, skin preparation, standard anesthetic protocol and intraoperative fluid management. This guideline is part 2 of 2 in the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations guidelines.

This is a guideline for management of fever and neutropenia in children with cancer and/or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The guideline reviews patient evaluation and provides recommendations on initial management, with considerations made to patient condition and whether or not they are already receiving empiric antibiotics. Recommendations are also provided for continued management of inpatients, management based on culture results, and management of fever in hematology/oncology patients who have completed therapy or are on therapy but are not neutropenic.

This clinical practice guideline provides an update to a key recommendation for the use of antiemetics for patients receiving cancer therapy. More specifically, the update focuses on recommendations regarding the use of netupitant and palonosetron (NEPA), a drug used for the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of chemotherapy. Areas addressed in the guideline include: dosing information for NEPA and other antiemetics summarized in a table, as well as cost consideration for the use of NEPA.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on the use of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) in adults or children with a solid tumour or lymphoma who are being treated with chemotherapy. The guideline reviews indications for use of CSFs as primary or secondary prophylaxis, as well as initiation, duration, dosing, and administration. Other topics covered include the use of CSFs to increase chemotherapy dose density, and the role of CSFs as: adjuncts to progenitor-cell transplantation; in the setting of acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes; and in the treatment of radiation injury. Outcomes of interest include neutropenia- and infection-related outcomes, survival (progression-free and overall survival), and outcomes related to stem-cell mobilization or transplantation.

This is a clinical practice guideline on the identification and treatment of psychosocial problems in patients with cancer. The guideline discusses screening tools for distress, initial evaluation and treatment by the oncology team, psychological/psychiatric treatment by mental health professionals, social work and counselling services, and spiritual and chaplaincy care. Psychological/psychiatric treatment guidelines are reviewed. Special topics of interest include oncologist burnout.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients (children/adolescents and adults) who are experiencing cancer-related fatigue. The guideline discusses evaluation and intervention for patients on active treatment, post-treatment, and at end of life. Education and counselling, nonpharmacologic interventions, and pharmacologic interventions are all discussed along with general strategies for management of fatigue.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations for evaluation, workup, management, and follow-up of 2 pathologic diagnoses in patients with epithelial occult primary cancer: adenocarcinoma or carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Diagnostic tests are recommended based on disease location and patient gender. Treatment options for disseminated or localized disease for adenocarcinoma and site-specific SCC are also discussed.

An organizational guideline for the processing and administration of chemotherapy to cancer patients. This guideline is an update to the 2013 guideline of the same title. The guideline examines the different stages and stakeholders in the chemotherapy treatment process, and the roles and responsibilities therein. Important aspects include accountability checks and staff safety procedures.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with any type of cancer. The guideline examines the benefits of smoking cessation, and education for quitting once a patient has been diagnosed with cancer. Outcomes of interest include quality of life and treatment-related toxicity.

This clinical practice guideline discusses specific issues related to the management of cancer in adults aged 65 years or older. Topics include screening and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), assessing risks and benefits of treatment, preventing or decreasing complications from therapy, and managing disease-specific issues. Recommendations are also provided for management of patients deemed to be at high risk for toxicity from standard treatment.

This clinical practice guideline is for adolescents and young adults (AYAs), defined as individuals aged 15 to 39 years, who have been diagnosed with cancer. The guideline discusses issues specific to AYAs and recommends interventions unique to these patients. Topics include an overview of risk factors, screening, diagnosis, and special considerations for management of AYA patients such as adherence to treatment and fertility preservation, contraception for women during and after cancer treatment, and management of cancer during pregnancy. Psychosocial and behavioural issues, survivorship issues, and palliative and end-of-life care are also discussed.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with cancer-induced anemia, with an emphasis on patients with anemia who are receiving concomitant chemotherapy. The guideline reviews etiology and provides recommendations on screening, follow-up risk assessment, and management. Red blood cell transfusion, erythropoietic therapy (ESA), and iron monitoring and supplementation are reviewed as treatment options.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the prevention and management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer. The guideline also provides guidance on an approach to screening for cancer in patients with unprovoked VTE in whom cancer was not initially suspected based on clinical grounds. The guideline probes the association between cancer and thrombosis, with areas of interest including the prevention of catheter-related thrombosis, treatment of symptomatic cancer-associated VTE, and screening for cancer in patients with apparently unprovoked VTE.

This is a clinical practice guideline for children receiving chemotherapy or undergoing hematopoietic stem call transplantation (HSCT) for cancer. The guideline examines the effectiveness of prophylactic interventions for preventing or reducing the severity of oral and oropharyngeal mucositis in these patients. Interventions considered include cryotherapy, low-level light therapy and the use of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF).

This guideline addresses person-centred care for adults 18 years and older in Ontario using oncology services. The guideline discusses the importance of treating patients as individuals and provides recommendations on putting patients first and ensuring that essential requirements of care such as respect for the patient, patient concerns, nutrition, pain management and personal needs, patient independence, and consent and capacity, are met. Additionally, the guideline provides recommendations on tailoring healthcare service for each patient and enabling patients to actively participate in their care.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with solid and hematological malignancies undergoing antineoplastic treatment. The guideline examines risk-adapted approaches to viral infections, including reactivated viruses and seasonal viruses. Outcomes of interest include secondary complications, including bacterial pneumonia, and increased risk of contracting infections.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients undergoing gynecologic/oncology surgery. The guideline examines supporting pre- and intra-operative management of surgery, including counselling, pre-operative bowel preparations, and the importance of minimally invasive surgery. Outcomes of interest include improving surgical outcomes with readmission optimization and reducing length of hospital stay. This guideline is part 1 of 2 in the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations guidelines.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult and pediatric patients with solid tumours or hematologic cancers. The guideline provides recommendations on influenza immunization including immunization interval and dosage, type of vaccine (activated versus inactive), and timing of administration in relation to the cancer treatment cycle. Special topics of interest include immunization of patients undergoing blood and marrow transplant (BMT, autologous and allogeneic), as well as immunization of family members and hospital or clinic staff who are in contact with cancer patients.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the screening, assessment and management of cancer-related fatigue in adults. The guideline examines the efficacy of interventions (pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and/or combinations) for reducing cancer-related fatigue in adults and comparisons are made to usual care and attention control. Outcomes of interest include clinically significant improvement in fatigue or clinically significant reduction in cancer-related fatigue (measured by severity) or differences in fatigue severity between intervention group and controls using self-reported outcome measures.

This guideline is for pediatric oncology patients presenting with febrile neutropenia. The guideline treatment options stratified by risk. Treatment options for patients with penicillin allergy are also discussed.

This guideline provides recommendations on the use of advanced practice nurses (APNs) to optimize patient, provider, and health system outcomes across the cancer care continuum. Specifically, the guideline reviews patient populations and situations (types of needs, practice settings, phase of the cancer care continuum) for which APN roles have demonstrated equivalent or improved outcomes, or reduced harms in cancer care. Outcomes of interest include quality of life, physical, functional, psychosocial, and mental health, as well as morbidity, mortality, symptom management, patient and provider satisfaction, health care utilization, costs, and quality of care.

This is a clinical practice guideline on the hyperinflammatory syndrome hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). As the developers state, HLH can occur in the context of malignancies and malignancy-triggered HLH should be regarded separately from HLH during chemotherapeutic treatment, which is frequently associated with an infectious trigger. Because the overlap between the features of HLH and the features of neoplasms makes it difficult to identify HLH when it occurs in malignant conditions, the guideline developers focus their recommendations on the recognition and diagnostic workup, as well as the treatment of malignancy-associated HLH.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults (aged 18 and older) at any phase of the cancer care continuum regardless of cancer type, stage (including metastatic) or treatment plan, with some components of the guideline also applicable to the patient's family and/or caregivers. The guideline provides recommendations on implementation of the brief tobacco intervention, using the evidence-based 5 A’s model (ASK, ADVISE, ASSESS, ASSIST, ARRANGE) which includes screening, education and assessment, treatment plan, and referral, monitoring, and follow-up. Clinical considerations and contraindications of treatment options for cancer patients are discussed including nicotine replace therapy (NRT), bupropion, varenicline, and e-cigarettes. The impact of tobacco use on cancer treatment is also reviewed with a specific focus on erlotinib and irinotecan.

This is a clinical practice guideline for smoking cessation in patients with cancer. These guidelines emphasize the importance of smoking cessation in all patients with cancer and seek to establish evidence-based, standard of care recommendations tailored to the unique needs and concerns of patients with cancer. These guidelines provide treatment plans that include recommendations that evaluate the merits of pharmacotherapy, behaviour therapy, and follow-up. The guideline developers acknowledge that smoking and nicotine addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder and as a result, the guideline also provides recommendations around retreatment and the management of relapse.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the use of myeloid growth factors in adult patients with solid tumours and non-myeloid malignancies. Benefits and risks are reviewed, the role of biosimilars is discussed, and recommendations are provided for prophylactic and therapeutic uses of both granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors (CSFs). Recommendations are also given regarding the use of CSFs in the hematopoietic cell transplant setting. Outcomes of interest include efficacy of CSFs, mortality, length of hospitalization,, toxicity, and adverse effects.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on assessment and management of cancer pain in adult patients, including pain in adult cancer survivors. Pathophysiologic classification of cancer pain syndromes is reviewed, and recommendations are provided for pain assessment, management/intervention, and reassessment. Both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions are discussed.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on exercise for adult patients living with cancer (including those on active treatment and who have completed treatment). Benefits of specific types of exercise are considered along with safety concerns, and recommendations are provided for delivery models and exercise regimens for patients living with cancer at different points in the cancer journey, as well as pre-screening requirements for new referrals. Outcomes of interest include quality of life, safety, and muscular and aerobic fitness.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult women (18 years and older) either without breast cancer or with a recent diagnosis of breast cancer, who have a family history of breast, ovarian or a related cancer; the guideline also provides recommendations for men affected by male breast cancer. The guideline discusses oncogenetic testing aspects of breast cancer and ovarian, specifically hereditary breast cancer, the Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and the Cowden syndrome. Topics include criteria and indications for genetic testing, tests for which genes have clinical utility, and appropriate follow-up depending on results and family history.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients at risk of Birt-Hogge-Dubé Syndrome, the familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome and neurofibromatosis 1&2, either based on clinical suspicion or family history. The guideline reviews indications for genetic testing, clinical utility of specific genetic tests, and follow-up depending on test results and family history. Impact of genetic counselling and test on patient behaviour and distress levels is also reviewed.

This guideline is an update to "Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Treatment in Patients with Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update" (2013). The guideline is for cancer patients who may be at risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), and provides recommendations on prophylaxis and the treatment of VTE in the outpatient, inpatient, and perioperative settings. Interventions considered include mechanical and pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis and patient education. The role of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters is also discussed. Outcomes of interest include symptomatic and asymptomatic thrombotic events found on screening, major and minor bleeding, mortality (early and overall), sudden death, and adverse events.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with recurrent spinal metastasis resulting in metastatic epidural spinal cord compression. The guideline examines the appropriateness of various treatment options including systemic therapy, surgical intervention, radiation therapy, osteoclast inhibitors and hospice care. The appropriateness of different techniques for unique clinical situations is discussed. Outcomes of interest include neurologic status, performance status, extent of disease, spine stability and life expectancy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients diagnosed with or at risk of hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes including lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (AFAP), MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP), Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, Cowden syndrome, serrated (hyperplastic) polyposis syndrome, hereditary pancreatic cancer, and hereditary gastric cancer. The guideline reviews initial assessment, genetic testing for a germline mutation when indicated, pre- and post-test genetic counselling, and management of patients who meet clinical criteria for a syndrome as well as those with identified pathogenic germline mutations. Outcomes of interest include cancer risk, quality of life, and survival benefit from surveillance.

A clinical practice guideline for the screening, assessment and management of psychosocial distress, depression and anxiety in adults with cancer. The guideline examines appropriate clinical intervals for psychosocial screening, contributing factors, and interdisciplinary care. Outcomes of interest include improvement in cancer-related worry and reduced post traumatic stress.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on influenza vaccinations for children and adults with solid tumours or hematologic malignancies. Recommendations are provided for vaccine type (live versus inactivated) and administration in relation to the therapy cycle, and are stratified by patient age (adult versus pediatric). Topics of discussion include the effects of age, duration, and type of systemic therapy in regards to response of patients to the influenza vaccine, as well as contraindications and precautions for immunization.

These clinical practice guidelines for survivorship provide screening, evaluation, and treatment recommendations for common consequences of cancer and cancer treatment to aid health-care professionals who work with survivors of adult-onset cancer in the post-treatment period, including those in specialty cancer survivor clinics and primary care practices. The guidelines focus on the vast and persistent impact both the diagnosis and treatment of cancer can have on the adult survivor’s health, physical and mental states, health behaviours, professional and personal identity, sexuality, and financial standing.

The purpose of this clinical practice guideline is to provide guidance to the primary oncology team so as to help ensure each patient within their care experiences the best quality of life possible throughout the illness trajectory. The guideline was developed to facilitate the appropriate integration of palliative care into oncology practice. The guideline outlines procedure for screening, assessment, palliative care interventions, reassessment, and after-death care. The panel initially focused on the needs of patients in their last 12 months of life. More recent versions, however, have expanded the focus to all patients and family experiencing cancer throughout the disease trajectory.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients of all age groups suspected of having cancers including lung and pleural, upper gastro-intestinal, lower gastrointestinal, breast, gynecological, urological, skin, head and neck, brain and central nervous system, haematological, sarcomas, and childhood cancers. Recommendations are provided on recognition and referral or investigations of cancer in primary care. Outcomes of interest include quality of life, sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests and signs/symptoms, positive and negative predictive values of diagnostic tests and signs/symptoms, and cost effectiveness.

A clinical practice guideline for cancer patients. The guideline examines the screening, diagnosis, and management of depression in patients with major depressive disorder or who have a suspected depressive disorder. Outcomes of interest include improved health outcomes and reduced adverse events.

This guideline set provides recommendations on the supportive care for cancer patients, including oral and dental care, pain and symptom management, febrile neutropenia, and osteoporosis. Topics of discussion include prevention and treatment, and palliative care. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations for menstrual suppression in patients undergoing cancer therapy in whom menstruation may have a deleterious effect on their health, or in patients with physical and/or cognitive challenges. The guideline reviews circumstances within which it is appropriate to suppress menstruation and discusses reversible hormonal options for suppression. Outcomes of interest include efficacy and safety of hormonal options for suppression.

A clinical practice guideline for adult and pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. The guideline examines the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting through both psychosocial and pharmacological interventions. Outcomes of interest include moderate improvement with minimal risk through non-pharmacological means, and reduction of negative stimuli.

This clinical practice guideline reviews the risk factors, assessment, treatment and overall management of febrile neutropenia in adult cancer patients. Combination therapy, monotherapy, and empiric vancomycin are discussed as treatment options and recommendations are provided for dosage and schedule. Outcomes of interest include success rate of antibiotic treatment, failure rate, survival, and mortality.

A clinical practice guideline for the early detection of cancer in adolescent and young adult patients aged 15 to 24. The guideline reviews common signs and symptoms of cancer and provides recommendations on appropriate investigations and timely and appropriate referral depending on symptom presentation. This guideline is wiki-based and is constantly updated as new evidence arises - this review pertains to the guideline as of June 27, 2014.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients diagnosed and living with recurrent brain metastases. The guideline discusses different retreatment options such as whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), surgery without radiation, and chemotherapy. The guideline also examines the role of best supportive care (BSC) and the follow-up of patients, including a discussion of imaging modalities and intervals for follow-up imaging.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with cancer who suffer from weight loss and undernutrition (as called cachexia). These guidelines aim to give health professionals and patients practical and up-to-date advice to manage nutrition in the principal situations encountered during the cancer course according to the type of tumour and treatment. Outcomes of interest include: a nutritional evaluation, different types of nutritional care according to treatment type, the role of antioxidants and immunonutrition, as well as specific recommendations for palliative and elderly patients.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adolescents and young adults - aged between 15 and 24 years of age - diagnosed with cancer of any type. The guideline reviews fertility discussions between practitioner and patient, options for fertility preservation, impact of treatments on fertility, and long term follow-up. Additional links for patient and practitioner resources are also provided.

This clinical practice guideline is for children with cancer and/or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The guideline reviews evaluation and management of fever and neutropenia, including initial empiric antibiotic selection, continued management of inpatients, and management based on culture results. Management of fever in hematology/oncology patients who have completed therapy and/or are on therapy but are not neutropenic is also discussed.

A clinical practice guideline for adults with cancer at any stage of the cancer continuum. The guideline examines appropriate support for suffering, including self-management aids and spiritual issues. Outcomes of interest include improved self-efficacy and self-esteem.

A clinical practice guideline for the treatment of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy in adult cancer survivors. The guideline examines appropriate and inappropriate pharmacologic agents for treatment and prevention. Outcomes of interest include reduced incidence and severity of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy and increased pain management.

A practice and professional guideline for the safe administration of systemic therapies, specifically chemotherapy, to patients by organizations that provide systemic cancer treatment. The guideline examines the appropriate selection of devices for vascular access, complications factors based on points of care, and recommended nursing practices. Key aspects include reducing fatal outcomes and improved organizational safety policies.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the early detection of common cancers in adolescents and young adults aged between 15 and 24 years of age. The cancers covered include leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumours, soft tissue sarcoma, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, and melanoma. The guideline discusses common signs and symptoms and provides recommendations on clinical assessment and referral. "Youth-friendly" communication between practitioner and patient is also discussed, and links for patient and practitioner resources are provided.

This guideline provides recommendations on geriatric assessment (GA) in older oncology patients. Topics of discussion include the use of GA to predict oncology treatment-related complications, the association between GA findings and overall survival; (OA), and the impact of GA findings on oncology treatment decisions. The composition of and key domains within GA are reviewed, and recommendations are provided on implementing GA in clinical care.

A clinical practice guideline for the use of vitamins as a preventative measure in the general population, specifically healthy adults without special nutritional needs. The guideline examines the use of single and paired nutritional supplements to improve overall health and prevent cancer and/or heart disease. Outcomes of interest include increased risk factors and the potential variation of oxidative properties based on numerous underlying nutritive factors.

This clinical practice guideline examines the effects of G-CSF, pegfilgrastim, and biosimilar XM02 on the primary and secondary prevention of infection in adult patients with haematological malignancies or solid tumours who are undergoing chemotherapy. Considerations are made to patient age, patient risk for febrile neutropenia (FN), and timing of treatment. Comparisons are made between pegfilgrastim and filgrastim, and pegfilgrastim and placebo and primary outcome of interest is incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN).

This is a clinical practice guideline for health-care providers (HCPs) to help screen, identify and manage cancer-related distress experienced by individuals diagnosed with cancer and their families. This guideline seeks to assist HCPs to become aware/sensitive to cancer-related distress; educate HCPs about management strategies for cancer-related distress; identify referral options for management of cancer-related distress by front-line HCPs; provide direction for cancer-related distress management and treatment options; assist front-line HCPs to identify and access appropriate specialist psychosocial care referral; and support the provision of person-centred care with a focus on cancer-related distress.

This is a clinical practice guideline for obese patients with cancer who are candidates for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). The guideline examines the pharmacologic agents used for preparative regimens in these patients. Dosing recommendations are provided for various HCT conditioning agents.

A clinical practice guideline for the treatment of fatigue in adult cancer survivors. The guideline examines the assessment and treatment of fatigue in cancer survivors, particularly through psychosocial interventions and physical activity. Outcomes of interest include improved fatigue relief and patient mood.

This clinical practice guideline discusses the treatment of invasive fungal infections in cancer patients, including treatment of invasive Aspergillus infections, invasive Candida infections, mucormycosis, cryptococcosis, Trichosporon infections, fusariosis, and Scedosporium infections. Other topics of discussion include therapeutic drug monitoring of antifungal agents, empirical versus preemptive antifungal therapy, and immunotherapy and granulocyte transfusion. Interventional strategies including surgery, drug instillation, and embolization are also discussed. Outcomes of interest include efficacy and safety.

A clinical practice guideline for the treatment of oncological emergencies related to cancer or anticancer therapy for family physicians. The guideline examines complications associated with cancer and cancer therapy, including diagnosis and treatment. Outcomes of interest include improved patient safety and reduced unnecessary treatment.

This is a clinical practice guideline on catheter-related infections (CRIs) in patients with malignancies. The guideline provides recommendations on diagnosis, management, and prevention of CRI in cancer patients. Topics discussed in the guideline include: risk factors for CRI, surveillance, the selection of catheters and sites, as well as a section on related unresolved issues requiring further study.

This guideline set provides recommendations on cancer screening. The guideline consists of sub-sections including: the definition, purpose, attributes, and impact of a cancer screening program; the “what, who, and when” of screening, follow-up, and outcomes. It also provides recommendations for the clinician in using screening tests. Please note that the sub-sections within this set were published and revised at varying dates, and that the publication year referenced here refers only to the date that the guideline set was accessed online.

This guideline discusses psychosocial management of adolescents and young adults (AYA's) - aged between 15 and 24 - diagnosed with cancer of any type. Topics of discussion include effective communication, addressing the support and information needs of family members, addressing physical/medical issues that impact psychosocial wellbeing, addressing psychological wellbeing, helping to keep the patient connected with life outside their cancer treatment, providing age appropriate clinical management, and addressing palliative care needs. Other resources are also provided for patients, family and friends, and for health professionals.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients with colorectal cancer or for patients who are otherwise at risk of Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The guideline provides recommendations on the identification and referral of patients to genetic centres for counselling, and discusses appropriate follow-up screening for Lynch syndrome and FAP. The use of Microsatellite instability (MSI) as both a predictor of treatment effectiveness and a predictor of Lynch syndrome is reviewed, with MSI compared to immunohistochemistry when screening for Lynch syndrome.

A clinical practice guideline for ambulatory and inpatients undergoing treatment for solid tumours, at risk for venous thromboembolism. The guideline examines appropriate surveillance and follow up, and treatment through anticoagulants. Outcomes of interest include improved recommendations for the elderly and clarified preoperative medication timelines.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult cancer survivors who have completed their primary cancer treatment, including patients who are using ongoing therapies to manage their cancer or control symptoms. The guideline provides recommendations on the identification and management of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Outcomes of interest include health behaviours, psychological consequences of FCR, quality of life, and FCR interventions.

A clinical practice guideline for pediatric patients undergoing or preparing to undergo cancer treatment that may be at risk for subsequent dental and oral issues. The guideline examines preventative strategies, evaluation, and care of dental and oral symptoms. Outcomes of interest include minimized risk of developing osteonecrosis, osteoradionecrosis, or bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients requiring fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. The guideline reviews the use of clinical DPYD genotype test results to guide dosing of fluoropyrimidines (5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, and tegafur). Outcomes of interest include treatment efficacy and treatment related adverse events such as toxicity.

This is a clinical practice guideline for women of child-bearing age who are receiving, or are about to receive chemotherapy. The guideline reviews pregnancy and chemotherapy, including prevention of pregnancy during chemotherapy, and management of risks of chemotherapy in pregnancy. Chemotherapy and postpartum care are also discussed. Outcomes of interest include maternal survival rates, fetal outcomes following maternal chemotherapy, and cancer incidence during pregnancy.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients who were treated for cancer as a child or teenager and who may be at risk of developing late effects that are largely, but not exclusively, related to the cancer treatment they received. The guideline reviews the identification, assessment, and management of treatment related late effects. Outcomes of interest include risk of developing late effects including subsequent primary cancers, fertility issues, cardiac effects, bone health, metabolic syndrome, cognitive and psychosocial outcomes, growth problems, dental and facial problems, and thyroid dysfunction.

A clinical practice guideline for influenza immunization in patients undergoing cancer treatment or palliative cancer care. The guideline examines the use of live vaccines and timelines for immunization based on ongoing treatment. Outcomes of interest include higher immunization response and reduced disease transmission risk.

This is a clinical practice guidelines for cancer patients who may be at risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The guideline provides recommendations on prophylaxis and the treatment of VTE in the outpatient, inpatient, and perioperative settings. Interventions considered include mechanical and pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis and patient education. The role of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters is also discussed. Outcomes of interest include symptomatic and asymptomatic thrombotic events found on screening, major and minor bleeding, mortality (early and overall), sudden death, and adverse events.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with any form of cancer. The guideline examines pain management practices with reference to the WHO pain ladder, and outlines effective pain assessment. Outcomes of interest include pain reduction and improved psychological well-being through consistent and appropriately prescribed pain management.

This is a clinical practice guideline for asymptomatic survivors of childhood, adolescent, or young adult cancers who present for routine exposure-related medical follow-up. The guidelines are intended to be used 2 or more years after the completion of cancer therapy, and present recommendations on screening and management of late effects resulting from therapeutic exposures used during treatment for pediatric malignancies. Outcomes of interest include risk and type of long-term complications, and efficacy of screening for and treatment of these complications.

This clinical practice guideline reviews the use of proton beam radiation therapy to treat cancers in pediatric, adolescent, and adult patients. The guideline examines the benefits of proton beam radiation therapy for different cancer types, and discusses the referral and funding process for out-of-country treatment. Outcomes of interest include local control, survival (progression-free and overall), acute and late toxicities, and recurrence rates.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult and child patients with cancer. The guideline provides an overview of fertility preservation options for adult males, adult females, and children. Patient education and referral to reproductive specialists prior to cancer treatment are also discussed. Methods of fertility preservation are compared including cryopreservation options, hormonal therapy, and ovarian transposition (oophoropexy). Outcomes of interest include cost and effectiveness of preservation techniques, and effects of cancer treatments on fertility.

A clinical practice guideline for cancer-related pain management. The guideline examines appropriate pharmacological management for cancer pain, including NSAIDs, non-opioid analgesics, and regular opioids. Outcomes of interest include reduced pain intensity and reduced adverse events.

A clinical practice guideline for cancer patients at risk for venous thromboembolism. The guideline examines prophylactic treatment through anticoagulant therapy, specifically short-term unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin. Outcomes of interest include preference for low-molecular-weight heparin for primary treatment, and improved maintenance treatments.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations on validation requirements for whole slide imaging (WSI) systems to be used for diagnostic purposes in pathology. Recommendations include those on sample size, revalidation, washout period, documenting the validation process, and pathologist training. Outcomes of interest include correlation between WSI and glass slides with respect to accuracy, concordance, average diagnostic certainty, sensitivity, and specificity, in the context of validation requirements.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adult patients with cancer. The guideline reviews screening, assessment, and management of cancer-related sleep disturbance (insomnia and insomnia syndrome). Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are reviewed. Outcomes of interest include sleep quality, efficiency, onset latency, duration, and disturbance.

A clinical practice guideline for adult cancer patients. The guideline examines nutritional assessment and interventions to minimize cachexia and adverse nutritional side effects. Outcomes of interest include reduced malnutrition and weight loss, and reduced incidence of treatment interruptions.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with cancer who may be at risk for pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis. The guideline examines treatment and dosage recommendations for deep venous thrombosis and special treatment circumstances, including treatment for patients on anticoagulants. Outcomes of interest include improved dosing recommendations for patients with renal impairments.

A professional guideline for health-care workers who may come into contact with cytotoxic drugs. The guideline examines safety measures, with particular attention paid to protective equipment, receiving, transport, and preparation. Outcomes of interest include reduced risk for pregnant workers and improved closed-system handling.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults or pediatric patients who are undergoing surgery and who may be at risk for postoperative infection. The guideline provides recommendations on the use of antimicrobial agents for the prevention of surgical-site infections (SSIs) depending on procedure type. The review includes discussion on several cancer-related surgical procedures. Outcomes of interest include postoperative morbidity and mortality rates, postoperative infection rates, duration and cost of health care, and adverse events.

This clinical practice guideline discusses active immunization of children and adult patients with altered immunocompetence, including cancer patients. Recommendations for vaccination in patients with cancer are provided, and timing of administration around treatment is reviewed. Immunization of persons living in a household with an immunocompromised patient is also discussed. Outcomes of interest include efficacy and adverse effects of vaccination, and morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable infection.

This is a clinical practice guideline for the use of antibacterial prophylaxis against bacteria and Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in neutropenic cancer patients. This guideline examines the efficacy of different types of prophylaxis and offers guidance towards the choice of drug. Outcomes of interest include a reduction of severe infections, a delay of the onset of such infections to a later phase of neutropenia, avoidance of infection-related treatment delays, reduction of hospitalization, and reduction of treatment costs.

A clinical practice guideline for adult cancer patients with gastrointestinal complications. The guideline examines diagnostic workups for diarrhea, lactose intolerance, neutropenia, and bacteremia, and management through nutritional and pharmacological means. Outcomes of interest include improved prophylactic measures and improved hand hygiene recommendations.

A clinical practice guideline for cancer patients with central venous catheters. The guideline examines prophylaxis of thrombosis, including low-molecular-weight heparin and vitamin K medication regimens. Outcomes of interest include increased catheter removal and improved catheter placement.

This is a clinical practice guideline for people of reproductive age who have problems conceiving, including individuals who are preparing for cancer treatment who may wish to preserve their fertility. Diagnosis and treatment of fertility problems are discussed.

A clinical practice guideline for the placement and management of catheters, and associated risks, in patients with cancer. The guideline examines catheter types, preventing catheter-related infections, and effective prophylaxis. The guideline does not recommend a specific catheter type, but does specifically recommend against femoral vein insertion. Outcomes of interest include reducing incidences of bacteraemia, and improved placement with image-guided insertion.

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults without evidence of disease after primary, curative treatment for any stage of cancer. The guideline reviews models of care for cancer survivorship and looks at whether certain models are favoured for specific cancer types. Outcomes of interest include disease-free survival, mortality (cancer-related and all cause), morbidity (late effects), time to recurrence, quality of life, and patient satisfaction.

This best practice guideline outlines the use of Computerized Prescriber Order Entry for Systemic Treatment (ST CPOE) systems to support the safe delivery of chemotherapy in an outpatient setting. The guideline provides recommendations to guide the design, selection, implementation, and/or evaluation of an ST CPOE system. Key topics include clinical and decision support, information and technology standards, and measurement plans.

This is a clinical practice guideline for cancer patients currently undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The guideline examines exercise treatment during active cancer treatment, with the "active treatment" period defined as the period from diagnosis until either 3 weeks post-surgery or one week after the last radiotherapy, or from diagnosis until 3 weeks after the last chemotherapy cycle. Exercise treatment includes any exercise program in any setting. Outcomes of interest included quality of life, cardiopulmonary function, fatigue, and safety of exercise treatments (i.e. frequency and type of adverse events).

This is a clinical practice guideline for adults treated for malignancy who are at risk of developing fever and neutropenia. The guideline discusses the prevention of infection in patients at risk for febrile neutropenia (FN) including risk assessment and use of antimicrobial prophylaxis, as well as the management of outpatients with FN including patient selection and empiric therapy. Outcomes of interest include risk of febrile episodes and infections, incidence of FN, overall mortality, infection-related mortality, and adverse effects of antimicrobials.

This is a guideline for pediatric patients age 1 month to 18 years who are receiving antineoplastic medication and who are at risk of experiencing antineoplastic-induced nausea and vomiting (AINV). The guideline examines methods for the prevention and optimal control of acute AINV. Recommendations for pharmacological interventions are provided based on emetic risk, and the use of adjunctive, non-pharmacological interventions is discussed. Primary outcomes of interest are therapeutic efficacy and safety.

This clinical practice guideline is for cancer patients who are being considered for anti-TNF-alpha therapy. Treatment related infections are reviewed, including tuberculosis, human papilloma virus, hepatitis B and C, Varicella zoster virus, Herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus and human immunodeficiency virus. The guideline discusses risk factors for developing infection, and provides recommendations on preventative measures such as vaccination for at-risk individuals.

An organizational guideline for the processing and administration of chemotherapy to cancer patients. The guideline examines the different stages and stakeholders in the chemotherapy treatment process, and the roles and responsibilities therein. Important aspects include accountability checks and staff safety procedures.

This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations for influenza immunization among adult and pediatric cancer patients. Guideline topics include the effect of cancer treatment on immunization response, immunization contraindications and precautions, and timing of immunization with regards to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and blood and marrow transplant. Immunization of family and hospital staff who come in contact with patients is also discussed. Outcomes of interest include influenza immunization response rates and vaccine-related adverse events.

This guideline reviews the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in patients with hematological malignancies. The guideline outlines diagnostic procedures including microscopy, mycological culture, antigen and antibody detection, molecular diagnostics, imaging procedures, endoscopic methods and organ biopsy. Diagnostic process is outlined for patients at risk for invasive fungal disease before, during or after granulocytopenia (<500 cells/ll) with or without fever.

A clinical practice guideline summarizing the use of positron emission tomography (PET) in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients with cancer. The guideline provides literature updates on PET use for multiple types of cancer. Outcomes of interest include recurrence times and safety outcomes.

This is a clinical practice guideline on pneumococcal immunization among adult and pediatric cancer patients. The guideline outlines vaccination types, provides recommendations on the timing of immunization with regards to cancer treatment, and reviews contraindications. Outcomes of interest include pneumococcal immunization response rates and vaccine-related adverse events.

A clinical practice guideline for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and who are experiencing or are at risk for experiencing adverse effects from treatment. The guideline discusses the prevention and treatment of adverse events caused by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy including treatment of oral complications, skin toxicity, neuropathy, neutropenia and neutropenic fever, radioproctitis, infertility, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and cardiac toxicity due to chemotherapy. Outcomes of interest include incidence of adverse effects, adverse effects of interventions, quality of life, and progression-free survival.

This is part 1 of a 4 part evidence based series on the safe administration of chemotherapy to adult patients in hospital settings. Topics of discussion include pre-treatment planning, prescribing, scheduling, pharmacy preparation, and chemotherapy administration. Primary outcomes of interest are medication error rates.

This is a clinical practice guideline for children, young people and adults with cancer. The guideline reviews the prevention and empiric management of neutropenic sepsis. Recommendations are provided for prevention and risk stratification, initial investigations/diagnosis, treatment type, setting, and location, and duration of outpatient care. Outcomes of interest include mortality, morbidity, length of hospital stay, rate of recurrence, and cost effectiveness.

This is a clinical practice guideline for cancer patients with a solid tumour who have been curatively treated. The guideline reviews cancer and treatment related side effects and discusses individual cancer survivorship care plans and general organization of cancer aftercare. The use of aftercare to evaluate medical practice is also discussed, and cost and resource implications are outlined.

This clinical practice guideline examines cancer rehabilitation and is aimed at patients over 18 years of age who are undergoing or have completed cancer treatment. The guideline reviews long-term and late effects of general cancer treatment and provides recommendations on screening for adverse effects, referral and intake, and rehabilitation programs during curative treatment, after completion of curative treatment, and in the palliative phase. Work reintegration and social participation is also reviewed.

A clinical practice guideline for patients with malignant cancer at risk for venous thromboemboli. The guideline examines preventative treatments for patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical treatments. Outcomes of interest include treatment efficacy and adverse events.

This is a clinical practice guideline for patients who are at risk for or whom have been diagnosed with secondary lymphedema. The guideline reviews staging and provides recommendations on management and risk reduction strategies for secondary lymphedema. Treatment of secondary infections is also reviewed.

A clinical practice guideline for the use of positron emission tomography (PET) in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients with cancer. This guideline provides an updated literature review for multiple adult cancers. Outcomes of interest include recurrence and safety outcomes.

This is a clinical practice guideline on the management of pain in cancer patients. The guideline reviews pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment of cancer related pain. Pharmacological treatment options are reviewed in detail, including drug options and corresponding administration, dosage and schedule. Opioid tolerance, independence, and addiction are also discussed, as is the recommended treatment of opioid related side effects.

This guideline provides best practices for the handling and administration of chemotherapy drugs. Safe handling procedures of chemotherapy drugs and waste are reviewed and drug administration is outlined for intravenous, subcutaneous, intravesical, and oral/topical chemotherapy treatments.

A clinical practice guideline for the management of cancer cachexia, particularly refractory cachexia, in advanced cancer patients. The guideline examines treatment through nutritional supplementation, medication, and counselling. Outcomes of interest include prophylactic options and short term interventions.

This guideline examines best practice procedures for the storage, handling, and preparation of chemotherapy drugs. The guideline provides step-by-step instructions for health professionals involved with chemotherapy in both treatment and emergency situations, and also provides detailed information for individual chemotherapy drugs. Outcomes of interest include protection of the patient and minimization of undue hazards.

A professional guideline for oncology nursing competencies. The guideline examines guiding principles for nurses throughout the cancer continuum, and enumerates core competencies. Important aspects include both clinical and supportive competencies, and a focus on accountability and quality improvement.

This is an organizational and professional guideline that provides a model and provincial standard for delivery of systemic therapy to cancer patients in Nova Scotia. Minimum standards are addressed to ensure safe administration of systemic therapy, with important aspects of consideration including therapy type, physical facilities, organizational support, supportive care, and management of oncologic emergencies.

This is a clinical guideline for patients with seriously disabling or symptomatic chronic conditions at the end of life. The guideline examines treatment strategies for pain, dyspnea, and depression, and discusses important elements of advance care planning.